Page 371 - Essentials of Human Communication

350 Index

Metacommunication, 123 Negotiating equity, 152–153 space decoration and, 106
Metamessages, 6 Netiquette, 73–74, 74t spatial, 101–104
Metaphor, 238t Network spread, self-image and, 26 spatial distance and, 101–103, 103t
Mindfulness, 20 Networking status signals as, 104
Mindlessness, 20 relationships and, 146 territoriality and, 103–104
Mispronunciation, 251 social (See Computer-mediated time and, 111–113
Models communication) touch and, 107–108
of communication, 4–9, 5f workplace, 148–149 transmission of, 94
of conversation, 121–123, 121f Neutrality in conflict, 166 turn-taking cues and, 96
defining by, 267 News items Nonverbal messages, 6
in informative speech, 268 for public speaking topic selection, 214 Norms, small group, 178–179
of listening, 51–54, 51f sources of, 220 Notes in public speaking, 253
of self-awareness, 27–28, 27f Noise, in communication, 5f, 8–9 Nourishing people, 30
Modesty, maxim of, 128 Nominal group, 186–187 Noxious people, 30
Monochronism, 113 Nonallness orientation, 86 Numbers, argument by, in persuasive
Monologue, dialogue versus, 125–126 Nonjudgmental listening, 56–57, 60 speech, 292
Motivated sequence, 229–230, 289–290, Nonnegotiation in conflict, 164 Numerical data in informative speeches,
290t Nonverbal communication, 6, 61, 92–115 266–267
Motivated sequence pattern organization, adaptors as, 98, 99t
229–230 affect displays as, 98, 99t Object-adaptors, 98
Motivational appeals in persuasive age and, 108 Objective listening, 59
speech, 292–293, 293f artifactual, 104–107 Objects
Motivations for self-disclosure, 33 attractiveness and, 94, 95t, 99 defining by, 267
Movement body adornment and, 105–106 as presentation aids, 268
facial, 99–101 body appearance and, 99 Occupation, audience sociology and, 217t
nonverbal messages of, 97–99, 99t body movements and, 97–99, 99t Offensive language, 238, 239
in public speaking, 253 channels of, 94, 94t, 97–113, 99t, 103t Offensive listening, 59
Multiple definition pattern organization, clothing and, 105 Olfactics, 106–107
227 color and, 104–105 Olfactory channel of communication, 8
Myths conversation and, 96 Omission, errors of, 251
conflict, 159 cues and, 96 Omoiyari, 77
human communication, 2 culture and, 65, 97, 98f, 100–101, 105, Online influence, self-image and, 26
leadership, 199 108 Online-only relationships, 147–149,
deception and, 96 150
Name-calling, in persuasive speech, 297 decoding, 114 Onymous messages, 74
Narratives in informative speech, 265 emblems as, 97, 99t Open expression in conflict, 168
Nationality, accepted terms for, 83–84 emoticons as, 94, 94t Open self, 27f, 28
Needs emotion and, 94, 97, 99t Open-mindedness
hierarchy of, 292–293, 293f encoding, 114–115 listening and, 60
motivated sequence speeches and, eye communication and, 101 in small groups, 197
229–230 facial movements and, 99–101 Opening stage
persuasive speech and, 289, 290t gender and, 101, 108 of conversation, 121f, 122, 123
relationship, 4 illustrators as, 98, 99t of small groups, 176, 177f
small groups and, 4 impression management and, 96 Operations, defining by, 267
task, 4 influence and, 96 Opinion, fact versus, listening
Negation, defining by, 267 integration of with verbal messages, and, 54
Negative communication effects, 7 93–94 Opinion seekers, 195
Negative empathy, 59 judgments and, 109, 114 Oral style, 237
Negative face, and impression managing impressions based on, Organization
management, 44 94–95 charts for, 269f
Negative persuasion, 287 markers and, 103–104 listening and, 52
Negative politeness, 44 messages of, 6 of perception, 36
Negativity olfactory, 106–107 of speeches, 226–227t, 226–230,
blockers and, 196 paralanguage and, 108–110 280–281, 281–282, 282–283, 300,
computer-mediated communication principles of, 93–97 301, 305
and, 183 regulators as, 98, 99t Organizational memberships, audience
conflict and, 159 relationships and, 95–96, 95t sociology and, 217t
language choice and, 240 silence and, 108, 110–111 Organizing rules of small groups, 175