Page 366 - Essentials of Human Communication

Index 345

restraint and, 17 Directness, 73 Empathy
self-concept and, 25f, 26 gender and, 78 conflict and, 166
self-denigration in verbal messages verbal messages and, 77–78 ethical relationships and, 151
and, 77 Disadvantages of relationships, 137–138 expressing, 59
self-disclosure and, 32 Disclosure. See Self-disclosure feeling, 58–59
sensitivity to, 16 Disconfirmation, 78–80, 79t in listening, 58–59, 62
short-term orientation and, 17, 17t, Display rules, 65 negative, 59
289 Disqualifiers in public speaking, 239 Omoiyari as, 77
silence and, 109–110 Dissatisfaction, 139f, 141 thinking, 58–59
small group, 178–179, 192–193 Dissolution stage of relationships, 139f, 142 verbal messages and, 77
speech and, 65 Distance, spatial, 101–102, 103t Empowerment, 203, 204. See also Power
taboos and, 212, 213 Distractions Encoding-decoding, 5, 5f, 114–115
time and, 112–113 listening and, 54–55 Encounter groups, 183
touch and, 108 public speaking and, 211 Encouragers, 195
uncertainty avoidance, 17, 289 Diversions, emotions as, 294 Engaging audience, 242
using cultural beliefs as assumptions Diversity, cultural, 16 Enthusiasm in public speaking, 242
and, 212, 213 Dominators, 196 Equity theory, 152–153
verbal messages and, 77–78 Downward communication, workplace Eros love, 143
vocabulary and, 77 messages and, 7 Errors
workplace and, 17, 17t Dress, 105 of articulation, 251
Currency of information, 221t DVDs in informative speech, 270t of fact, 219
Cyberbullying, 147 Dyadic definition of communication, 120 fundamental attribution, 39
of pronunciation, 251
Dangers of self-disclosure, 33, 33t E-mail, 3 in public speaking, 242–243
Databases, 220 E-talk. See Computer-mediated Ethics
Date, accepting offer of, 144 communication communication and, 121
Deafness, 53t Ear markers, 104 competence and, 20–21
Deception Economic interdependence, 16 of criticism, 258
ethics of, 72 Economy of words, 237 of emotional appeals, 294
messages of, 71–72 Education fighting and, 163
nonverbal messages and, 96 audience sociology and, 217t, 218 of gossip, 184
Decision by authority, 186 leadership and, 198 of impression management, 47
Decision-making, 185–186 listening and, 56t and leadership, 202
Decoding, 5, 5f, 114–115 Educational groups, 181–182 of listening, 55
Defensiveness in conflict, 165–167 Effect, cause and, as reasoning in of lying, 72
Defining problems, 185 persuasive speech, 291 in persuasive speech, 294
Definition speech, 281–282 Effect-cause pattern organization, plagiarism and, 222–223
Definitions in informative speech, 267 228–229 in public speaking, 263, 294
Delegating style of leadership, 200 Effective listening, 57–64 relationship, 151
Delivery of speeches, 247, 249–253 Effects of communication, 9 self-revelation and, 121
Delivery outline for speeches, 247, 248 Elaborators, 195 of silence, 110
Delphi method, 187, 188 Electronic communication. See Cell Ethnic identity, 18–19
Demand-withdrawal, and conflict, 164 phone etiquette; Computer-mediated Ethnocentrism, 18–19, 19t
Democratic leadership, 202 communication Etymology, defining by, 267
Demographics, 16 Emblems, 97, 99t Eulogies, 275
Demonstration speech, 282–283 Emergent leader, 199 Euphemisms, 60t
Denotation, 70 Emoticons, 94, 94t Evaluation, 195
Depth listening, 61 Emotion conflict and, 165–166
Descriptive speech, 276–277, 279–281 appeals to, 292–294, 293f listening and, 51f, 54
Deterioration stage of relationships, conflict and, 163 in perception, 36
139f, 141 emoticons and, 94, 94t in problem-solving, 185, 185f
Development of relationships, 141 ethics and, 294 of public speaking, 253–254, 257–259
Dewey, John, 10 listening to, 58t, 63, 127 self-concept and, 25f, 26–27
Dialogue nonverbal messages and, 97, 99t static, 88–89
versus monologue, 125–126 paralinguistic cues to, 108 of testimony, 266
with self, 28 as proof, 294 Evaluator-critics, 195
Direct language, 239 Emotional appeals, 294 Examples in informative speech, 265
Direct symbolization, 267 Empathic listening, 58–59, 60, 62 Excuses, 132