Page 365 - Essentials of Human Communication

344 Index

Conflict (continued) closing stage of, 121f, 123 Cultural diversity, 16
messages in, 168 complimenting and, 133–134 Cultural identifiers, 83–85
myths about, 159 in conflict, 165 Cultural perspective, 18
negative aspects of, 159 culture and, 127 Cultural rules, 77–78
neutrality and, 166 dialogue versus monologue, 125–126 Culture, 16–19, 17t, 19t. See also
nonnegotiation and, 164 ethical relationships and, 151 Intercultural communication
online, 167 excuses and, 132 accent and, 65
open expression in, 168 feedback stage of, 121f, 122 assertiveness and, 76
positive aspects of, 159–160 feedforward stage of, 121f, 122 audience sociology and, 217t
present focus and, 168 five-stage model of, 121–123, 121f collectivist (See Collectivist cultures)
principles of, 159–162, 161t flexibility and, 127 color communication and, 105
provisionalism and, 167 gender and, 123 competence and, 20
relationship, 158 handshakes and, 122t computer-mediated communication
silencers in, 168 immediacy in, 126–127 and, 179
in small groups, 197, 204 interruptions of, 124–125 conflict and, 160
spontaneity and, 166 leavetaking cues and, 131 conversation and, 127
steamrolling and, 164 listener cues in, 124–125 cooperation and, 77
strategy and, 166, 167–168 metacommunication and, 123 credibility and, 294–295
styles of, 161–162, 161t nonverbal communication, 96 criticism and, 258
superiority and, 167 opening stage of, 121f, 122, 123 deception and, 71
supportiveness in, 165–167 overlaps in, 124–125 demographics and, 16
verbal aggressiveness and, 169–170, 169t politeness and, 127–128 dimensions of, 17, 17t
violence in, 165 principles of, 121–128, 124f directness and, 77–78
win-lose situations in, 161, 162 public speaking as, 210 display rules and, 65
win-win situations in, 162 small talk as, 129–132 ethnocentrism and, 18–19, 19t
Conformity-orientation, 145 speaker cues in, 123–124 eye contact and, 65, 101
Connectives in speeches, 243 speech disorders and, 130t facial communication and, 100–101
Connotation, 70 turn-taking in, 123–125 feedback and, 65
Consciousness-raising groups, 183 Conversation-orientation, 145 gender and, 16, 26
Consensual families, 145 Conversational turns, 123–125 gestures and, 97, 98f
Consensus, 186 Cooperation, 77 high-context, 17, 179
Consequences of conflict, 161–162, 161t Coping abilities, 32 high-power-distance, 17, 193, 289
Constructing I-messages, 166 Correcting errors of fact, 219 high-uncertainty avoidance, 289
Contact stage of relationships, 139f, 140 Corrective self-disclosure, 34 immediacy and, 127
Content conflict, 158 Credibility individualist (See Individualist cultures)
Content dimension of communication, appeals to, 294–297 indulgence and, 17
10t, 12 culture and, 294–295 just world hypothesis and, 40
Content focus, and small groups, 175, impression management and, 44–45 language and, 65
177f Critical listening, 60 leadership, 192–193
Content messages, 61 Critical thinking, 20, 186 listening and, 64–65
Context Critics/Criticism, 195 listening cues and, 61
of communication, 5f, 7–8 culture and, 258 long-term orientation and, 17, 17t, 289
high-context cultures and, 17, 179 ethics of, 258 low-context, 17, 179
low-context cultures and, 17, 179 evaluation of testimony and, 266 low-power-distance, 17, 193, 289
of small talk, 131 listening to, 258–259 low-uncertainty avoidance, 289
Contradiction, nonverbal messages positivity and, 257 manner of verbal messages and, 77
and, 94 of public speaking, 253–254, 257–259 nonverbal communication and, 65, 97,
Contrast rule of organization, 36 specificity and, 257 98f, 112–113
Contributors, in small groups, 195 Cues paralanguage and, 109–110
Control backchanneling, 54, 124–125 peaceful relations in verbal messages
attribution of, 39 culture and, 61 and, 77
conflict and, 166 to emotion, 108 perception and, 42
nonverbal messages and, 94 leavetaking, 131 persuasive speeches and, 289
Conversation, 121–134, 124f, 130t. See listening, 61, 66, 124–125 politeness and, 77–78
also Language; Listening; Verbal nonverbal communication and, 96 power distances and, 17, 193, 289
messages speaker, 123–124 public speaking and, 212, 213
apologies and, 132–133 turn-taking, 96, 123–125, 124f relation of verbal messages and, 77
business stage of, 121f, 122 Cultural context of communication, 7–8 relationships and, 138–139