Page 375 - Essentials of Human Communication

354 Index

Restraint, culture and, 17 guidelines for, 33–34, 33t Slang, 238, 239
Reward power, 13 listening and, 34 Slides in informative speech, 270t
Rewards of self-disclosure, 32 motivations for, 33 Slippery slope, in persuasive speech, 292
Rhetorical questions, 238t, 239 pressure to engage in, 34–35 Small groups, 4, 176–191, 192–204
Risks of self-disclosure, 33, 33t professional risks of, 33, 33t agenda and, 203
Roles reciprocity and, 34 apprehension in, 177–178
defined, 194 in relationships, 32, 33, 34 approaches to leadership of, 199–200
within small groups, 175, 194–196 risks and rewards of, 32–33 assertive behavior in, 193
Romance. See Love; Relationships Self-enhancement deception, 71 brainstorming in, 180–181
Romantic rules, 150–151 Self-esteem, 28–31, 293, 293f building cohesiveness in, 203
Roundtable, 177, 177f Self-evaluation, 25f, 26–27 building roles in, 195
Rules theory, 150–152 Self-fulfilling prophecy, 37–38 computer-mediated communication
Self-handicapping and, 174, 176, 179
Safety needs, 293, 293f impression management and, 45 conflict in, 197, 204
Sample outlines, 244–245, 246, 248 public speaking and, 211 content focus and, 175, 177f
Sample speeches, 255–256, 278–279, 298, Self-image, confirming, 46 critical thinking in, 186
302–304 Self-interpretation, 25f, 26–27 cultural norms of, 178–179
Sassuru, 77 Self-knowledge, as reward of self- culture and, 192–193
Satisfaction disclosure, 32 decision-making in, 185–186
motivated sequence speech and, 230 Self-monitoring strategies, and impres- defined, 174
persuasive speech and, 290, 290t sion management, 45 emergent leader and, 199
in small groups, 203 Self-perception, as a group, 175 empowerment and, 203, 204
Search-engine reports, self-image and, 25 Self-presentation, 3, 42 first impressions and, 180
Secondary sources of research, 220 Self-presentation management. See formats for, 177, 177f
Secondary territories, 103 Impression management forum format for, 177, 177f
Secure goodwill, speech to, 298 Self-revelation, and ethics, 121 functional approach to leadership
Selective attention, 35 Self-serving bias, 39 and, 200
Selective exposure, 35–36, 288–289 Selfish deception, 71 goals of, 174, 175
Self, 24–35, 25f, 27f Selling style of leadership, 200 group orientation in, 196–197
blind, 27f, 28 Semantic noise, 8 groupthink in, 198
dialogue with, 28 Sensitivity, intercultural, 16 guidance of, 203
hidden, 27f, 28 Sentence construction, 239–240 high-context cultures and, 179
looking-glass, 25 Separates, 145 impression management within, 176
open, 27f, 28 Separation, 139f, 142 individual roles in, 195–196
unknown, 27f, 28 Sex. See Affectional orientation; Gender information-sharing, 181–182
Self-actualization needs, 293, 293f Sex-role stereotyping, 83 interaction in, 202
Self-adaptors, 98 Sexism, 82–85 interdependence and, 175
Self-awareness, 27–28, 27f Sexist language, 82–83 leaders of, 199–204
growth in, 28 Sharpening, in listening, 60 listening and, 203
Johari window model of, 27–28, 27f Short-term memory, 52 low-context cultures and, 179
Self-concept, 25–27, 25f Short-term orientation, 17, 17t, 289 maintenance roles in, 195
Self-confessors, 196 Shunning, 78 members in, 194–198
Self-critical statements, in public Sign reasoning in persuasive speech, mentoring in, 204
speaking, 239 291–292 norms of, 178–179
Self-denigration, 77 Signal-to-noise ratio, 8 open-mindedness in, 197
Self-deprecating strategies, and impres- Significant others. See Others; organizing rules of, 175
sion management, 45 Relationships panel format for, 177, 177f
Self-destructive beliefs, 29 Silence, 110–111 participation in, 196–198
Self-disclosure, 30–35 culture and, 109–110 personal growth, 182–184
appropriateness of, 34 defined, 108 power distances and, 193
burden on others of, 34 ethics of, 110 pressure in, 186
changing topics and, 35 spiral of silence theory, 111 problem-solving, 184–188, 185f
communication enhancement and, 32 Silencers, 168 purposes of, 174, 175
coping abilities and, 32 Similarity, 149–150 relationship purposes of, 176, 177f
corrective, 34 Similarity rule of organization, 36 relationships in, 195
culture and, 32 Simile, 238t roles within, 175, 195–196
dangers of, 33, 33t Situational approach to leadership, 200 roundtable format for, 177, 177f
factors influencing, 33–34, 33t Situational nature of listening, 58 satisfaction in, 203