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风控大讲堂 Risk Management Forum 加中金融
交易账户根本审查
Fundamental Review of Trading Book (FRTB)
加拿大皇家银行董事总经理和多伦多大学客座教授 袁俊
Jun Yuan, Managing Director at RBC & Adjunct Professor at University of Toronto
【内容提要】
巴塞尔银行监管委员会的历史沿革与交易账户根本审查的主旨纲领
交易账户根本审查的框架
交易账户根本审查的影响
机会与挑战
Abstract
BCBS history and FRTB motivation
FRTB framework
FRTB impact
Opportunity and challenge
一.巴塞尔银行监管委员会的历史沿革与交易账户根本审查 1. Introduction
的主旨纲领
The first market risk framework for minimum capital
requirements was introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking
1996 年,巴塞尔银行监管委员会(BCBS)提出了第一个最
低资本要求的市场风险框架,即巴塞尔协议 2 (Basel 2)。 Supervision in 1996, namely Basel 2. It aims to ensure that global
banks maintain a minimum level of capital to absorb losses arising
它的目的是确保全球银行业保持最低程度的资本金,以吸收
from movements in market prices of instruments held in the
交易账户上各金融工具因市场价格变动而造成的损失。 trading book. After the global financial crisis of 2007-09, the
2007-09 年全球金融危机后,巴塞尔委员会于 2009 年进一步 Committee further revised the market risk framework in 2009,
修 订 了 市 场 风 险 框 架 , 即 巴 塞 尔 2.5 修 正 ( Basel 2.5 often referred to as the Basel 2.5 reforms. These reforms
reforms)。巴塞尔 2.5 提出了对压力风险价值 (SVaR)和新增 introduced additional capital requirements for stress value-at-risk
风险资本 (IRC)的额外资本要求,用以支撑用于交易组合的 (SVaR) and incremental risk charge (IRC) to shore up total capital
in the trading book portfolio. Yet, a number of structural
总资本。然而,有些结构性的缺陷并未在巴塞尔 2.5 种得到
解决。 2012 年,巴塞尔协会成立了一个交易账户小组,在 shortcomings remained unaddressed. In 2012, Basel formed a
trading book group (TBG) to develop a new, more robust
借鉴危机积累过程中出现的问题的基础上,开发一个更新更
framework (i.e., fundamental review of trading book FRTB) to
健全的框架(即交易账户根本审查),以设定应对市场风险 establish minimum capital requirements for market risk, drawing
的最低资本要求。 on the experience of “what went wrong” in the building-up to the
crisis.
2016 年,巴塞尔委员会发布了修订后的对市场风险的最低
资本要求框架(即交易账户根本审查),该框架包括: In 2016, Basel Committee published the revised framework
Minimum capital requirements for market risk (i.e., FRTB). The
一个更具强制性和一致性的标准以划分银行账户和 FRTB market risk framework includes
交易账户的界限
一个对风险敏感度更高的标准化方法 A more enforceable and consistent criteria for trading
book and banking book boundary
一个更好的内部模型法框架,把交易风险性和尾部 A more risk sensitive framework for Standardized
风险纳入到其中
Approach
2018 年,巴塞尔委员会允许小规模或者进行简单交易的银 A better framework for Internal Model Approach (IMA)
行采 用简 化版的 标准法 。央 行行 长和监 管负责 人小 组 that captures trading illiquidity and tail risk
(GHOS)于 2019 年通过了市场风险最低资本要求的最终版 In 2018, the Committee proposed a simplified alternative to the
本, 力争 2023 年交易账户根本审查能在全球范围内实施。 new standardized approach for banks with smaller-scale or
simpler trading activities. The Group of Central Bank Governors
and Heads of Supervision (GHOS) endorsed the final version of
Minimum capital requirements for market risk in 2019. Global-
wide, FRTB is targeted to be implemented by 2023.
CCFA JOURNAL OF FINANCE DECEMBER 2020
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