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风控大讲堂 Risk Management Forum                      加中金融

                                                 交易账户根本审查


                                     Fundamental Review of Trading Book (FRTB)



                                          加拿大皇家银行董事总经理和多伦多大学客座教授 袁俊
                                          Jun Yuan, Managing Director at RBC & Adjunct Professor at University of Toronto



                                          【内容提要】

                                            巴塞尔银行监管委员会的历史沿革与交易账户根本审查的主旨纲领
                                            交易账户根本审查的框架
                                            交易账户根本审查的影响
                                            机会与挑战


                                            Abstract

                                                   BCBS history and FRTB motivation
                                                   FRTB framework
                                                   FRTB impact
                                                   Opportunity and challenge



         一.巴塞尔银行监管委员会的历史沿革与交易账户根本审查                             1. Introduction
         的主旨纲领
                                                                The  first  market  risk  framework  for  minimum  capital
                                                                requirements was introduced by the Basel Committee on Banking
         1996 年,巴塞尔银行监管委员会(BCBS)提出了第一个最
         低资本要求的市场风险框架,即巴塞尔协议 2 (Basel 2)。                       Supervision in 1996, namely Basel 2. It aims to ensure that global
                                                                banks maintain a minimum level of capital to absorb losses arising
         它的目的是确保全球银行业保持最低程度的资本金,以吸收
                                                                from  movements  in  market  prices  of  instruments  held  in  the
         交易账户上各金融工具因市场价格变动而造成的损失。                               trading  book.  After  the  global  financial  crisis  of  2007-09,  the
         2007-09 年全球金融危机后,巴塞尔委员会于 2009 年进一步                     Committee further  revised  the market risk framework in 2009,
         修 订 了 市 场 风 险 框 架 , 即 巴 塞 尔 2.5  修 正 ( Basel  2.5      often  referred  to  as  the  Basel  2.5  reforms.  These  reforms
         reforms)。巴塞尔 2.5 提出了对压力风险价值 (SVaR)和新增                  introduced additional capital requirements for stress value-at-risk
         风险资本 (IRC)的额外资本要求,用以支撑用于交易组合的                          (SVaR) and incremental risk charge (IRC) to shore up total capital
                                                                in  the  trading  book  portfolio.  Yet,  a  number  of  structural
         总资本。然而,有些结构性的缺陷并未在巴塞尔 2.5 种得到
         解决。 2012 年,巴塞尔协会成立了一个交易账户小组,在                          shortcomings  remained  unaddressed.  In  2012,  Basel  formed  a
                                                                trading  book  group  (TBG)  to  develop  a  new,  more  robust
         借鉴危机积累过程中出现的问题的基础上,开发一个更新更
                                                                framework (i.e., fundamental review of trading book FRTB) to
         健全的框架(即交易账户根本审查),以设定应对市场风险                             establish minimum capital requirements for market risk, drawing
         的最低资本要求。                                               on the experience of “what went wrong” in the building-up to the
                                                                crisis.
         2016 年,巴塞尔委员会发布了修订后的对市场风险的最低
         资本要求框架(即交易账户根本审查),该框架包括:                               In  2016,  Basel  Committee  published  the  revised  framework
                                                                Minimum capital requirements for market risk (i.e., FRTB). The
              一个更具强制性和一致性的标准以划分银行账户和                           FRTB market risk framework includes
         交易账户的界限
              一个对风险敏感度更高的标准化方法                                       A  more  enforceable  and  consistent  criteria  for  trading
                                                                      book and banking book boundary
              一个更好的内部模型法框架,把交易风险性和尾部                                 A  more  risk  sensitive  framework  for  Standardized
         风险纳入到其中
                                                                      Approach
         2018 年,巴塞尔委员会允许小规模或者进行简单交易的银                                 A better framework for Internal Model Approach (IMA)
         行采 用简 化版的 标准法 。央 行行 长和监 管负责 人小 组                             that captures trading illiquidity and tail risk
         (GHOS)于 2019 年通过了市场风险最低资本要求的最终版                        In 2018, the Committee proposed a simplified alternative to the
         本, 力争 2023 年交易账户根本审查能在全球范围内实施。                         new  standardized  approach  for  banks  with  smaller-scale  or
                                                                simpler trading activities. The Group of Central Bank Governors
                                                                and Heads of Supervision (GHOS) endorsed the final version of
                                                                Minimum capital requirements for market risk in 2019. Global-
                                                                wide, FRTB is targeted to be implemented by 2023.














                                              CCFA JOURNAL OF FINANCE   DECEMBER 2020
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