Page 32 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

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32 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

Computer Science has many subfields each BgHo$ AcJ-AcJ úmoÌm| H$m {d{^Þ {df`m| Ho$ _mÜ`_
studied as a separate subject: go AÜ``Z {H$`m OmVm h¡ :

Computer Graphics: Study of use of H$åß`yQ>a J«m°{\$Šg : H$åß`yQ>a H$s ghm`Vm go J«m°{\$Šg
graphics in computers. H$m AÜ``Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
Programming languages Theory: Specify àmoJ«mq_J ^mfm : {H$gr JUZmË_H$ g_ñ`m hoVw
to use languages to solve computational H$åß`yQ>a ^mfm Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ ~mao _| ~Vm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
problems.
Data Structures: Study of logical S>mQ>m ñQ´>ŠMa : {H$gr S>mQ>m g_yh Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ
relationship among different elements of a Ad`dm| _| Vm{H©$H$ g§~§Y H$m AÜ``Z {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&
collection of data.
Computer Architecture: Study of all those H$åß`yQ>a Am{H©$Q>oŠMa : Omo ^r _wÔo àmoJ«m_a Ho$ àmoJ«m_
aspects of computer which influence a {cIZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, CÝh| g_Pm OmVm h¡Ÿ&
programmer.
Computers replaced physical space needed H$åß`yQ>a Ho$ Cn`moJ Ho$ H$maU \$mBc [aH$m°S>© VWm
for large amounts of documentations and file AÝ` H$mJOm| Ûmam Koar OmZo dmcr OJh A~ H$åß`yQ>a H$s
records with small memory storage space.
_o_moar go {dñWm{nV hmo JB© h¡Ÿ&

1.4 Computer for Individual Users (Per- 1.4 ì`{º$JV Cn`moJH$Îmm© Ho$ {bE H$åß`yQ>a
sonal Computer)
(ng©Zc H$åß`yQ>a)
Some Computers are manufactured to fulfil Hw$N> H$åß`yQ>a EH$ ì`{º$ H$s Amdí`H$Vm H$s ny{V©
requirement of an individual person. These hoVw ~ZmE OmVo h¢Ÿ& BÝh| ng©Zc H$åß`yQ>a (PC) H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
computers are called personal computers (PC).
These computers’ cost can be beared by an BZH$s H$s_V EH$ ì`{º$ H$s gr_m _| hmoVr h¡Ÿ& BZH$m
individual person. They are most frequently AË`{YH$ Cn`moJ {H$`m Om ahm h¡Ÿ& `o H$åß`yQ>a EH$ {dÚmWu
used computers. These computers are found at H$s Q>o~c na {eúmH$ Ho$ nmg, S>m°ŠQ>a Ho$ nmg `m dH$sb
the table of a student, a teacher, a lawyer, a
doctor etc. The first personal computer was Am{X Ûmam H$m\$s Cn`moJ {H$E Om aho h¢Ÿ& nhcm ng©Zc
launched by IBM as IBM/PC. Nowadays, H$åß`yQ>a IBM H§$nZr Zo IBM/PC Ho$ Zm_ go ~Zm`m WmŸ&
thousands of vendors are there which supply AmOH$c hOmam| {Z_m©Vm H§$n{Z`m± PC ~Zm ahr h¢Ÿ& BZ
personal computers. Processing power of these H$åß`yQ>am| H$s JUZm H$aZo H$s úm_Vm cJmVma ~‹T> ahr h¡
computers is increasing day by day. Cost of
these computers is reducing. The Operating VWm H$s_V cJmVma H$_ hmo ahr h¡Ÿ& `o H$åß`yQ>a WIN-
System used by these computers may be DOWS, LINUX `m Mac OS H$m Cn`moJ Am°naoqQ>J
Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS etc. The {gñQ>_ Ho$ ê$n _| H$aVo h¢Ÿ& BZ_| B§Q>oc H§$nZr Ho$ n|{Q>`_,
most popular microprocessors are Intel's gocam°Z Am{X `m AMD Ho$ àmogoga Cn`moJ _| cmE Om aho
Pentium, Celeron, etc. and AMD processors.
They allow many application packages to run h¢Ÿ& BZ na H$B© Vah Ho$ EpßbHo$eZ n¡Ho$O aZ hmoVo h¢, O¡go
like MS-OFFICE (MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS- MS-OFFICE (MS-Word, MS-Excel, MS-Power
PowerPoint), RDBMS Software like ORACLE, Point), AmoaoH$c O¡go RDBMS gm°âQ>do`a `m B§Q>aZoQ>
Web Browser like Microsoft Internet Explorer
and multimedia applications. EŠgßcmoaa O¡go ~«mCOa Am{XŸ&