Page 28 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

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28 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

3. Punched cards and electric type writers 3. BZnwQ>-AmCQ>nwQ> `wpŠV`m| Ho$ {bE n§M H$mS>© VWm
were used as IO devices. Q>mB©namBQ>a H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m J`m WmŸ&

4. Stored-program concept was first used in 4. ñQ>moS>© àmoJ«m_ AdYmaUm H$m nhbr ~ma Cn`moJ {H$`m
this generation, in which programs and J`m WmŸ& Bg_| àmoJ«m_ d S>mQ>m EH$ hr _o_moar _| aIm
their data can be put in the same main OmVm h¡Ÿ&
memory.
5. Binary number system was used for arith- 5. ~mBZar A§H$J{UV H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m J`m WmŸ&
metic.
6. Ferrite-core memory was used as a main 6. \o$amB©Q> H$moa _o_moar H$m Cn`moJ _oZ _o_moar hoVw {H$`m
memory. It stores a bit in magnetic field on J`m WmŸ& `h Mw§~H$s` _o_moar WrŸ&
a tinyring of magnetic material.
7. Assembly language programming was first 7. nhbr ~ma Agoå~br ^mfm H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m J`m WmŸ&
used. This language uses symbolic form Bg ^mfm _| g§{já eãXm| _| {ZX}em| H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m
for binary instructions. e.g. ADD, MOV,
HLT, JMP, etc. OmVm h¡Ÿ& O¡go ADD, MOV, HLT, JMP Am{XŸ&
8. Assembler was the only system software 8. Bg g_` {g\©$ Agoå~ba Zm_H$ {gñQ>_ gm°âQ>do`a
available. CnbãY WmŸ&
9. First generation software was not portable. 9. BgHo$ gm°âQ>do`a nmoQ>}~b Zht hmoVo WoŸ& AWm©V² EH$
That means the software of one computer H$åß`yQ>a Ho$ gm°âQ>do`a Xygao na Zht MbVo WoŸ&
may not run on another.
10. The computers were bulky, costly and re- 10. Bg nr‹T>r Ho$ H$åß`yQ>a ~‹S>o, _h±Jo d A{YH$ {dÚwV
quired much electric power. epŠV IM© H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

Examples of first Generation Computers àW_ nr‹T>r Ho$ H$åß`yQ>am| Ho$ CXmhaU
ENIAC : (Electronic Numerical Integrator ENIAC: (BcoŠQ´>m{ZH$ Ý`y_o[aH$c B§{Q>J«oQ>a Ed§
and Calculator) : Ho$ëŠ`ycoQ>a ENIAC):
First general purpose widely used elec- `h àW_ ~hþn`moJr BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ H$åß`yQ>a WmŸ&
tronic computer.
EDVAC : (Electronic Discrete Variable EDVAC: (BcoŠQ´>m°{ZH$ {S>ñH«$sQ>> do[aE~c H§$ß`yQ>a
Computer) EDVAC)
First electronic computer which used àW_ H$åß`yQ>a {OgZo ñQ>moS>© àmoJ«m_ AdYmaUm H$m
stored-program concept. Used true binary arith- Cn`moJ {H$`mŸ& ~mBZar A§H$J{UV H$m Cn`moJ {H$`mŸ& bo{H$Z
metic but bit by bit (Serial).
EH$-EH$ {~Q> H$aHo$Ÿ& (gr[a`b)
IAS Computer : (Institute of Advanced IAS H§$ß`yQ>a: (B§pñQ>Q²>`yQ> Am°\$ ES>dm§ñS> ñQ>S>rO)
studies)
Used parallel binary arithmetic, used fixed Bg_| g_mZm§Va ~mBZar A§H$J{UV H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m
point arithmetic. This is a prototype for mod- J`m WmŸ& pñWa-q~Xw A§H$ J{UV H$m Cn`moJ hþAmŸ& AmOH$b
ern digital computers. Ho$ H$åß`yQ>a H$s g§aMZm Bgr H$s g§aMZm na AmYm[aV h¡Ÿ&