Page 29 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
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NPP Computer Basics and Windows Fundamentals 29
IBM 700 series, (IBM 701, IBM 704, IBM IBM 700 {garO, (IBM 701, IBM 704,
709) IBM 709)
Second Generation (1954-1964) {ÛVr` nr‹T>r (1954-1964)
The computers based upon transistors are BZ_| AY©MmbH$ Q´>m§{OñQ>am| H$m Cn`moJ {H$`m J`m
called second generation computers. These WmŸ& `o N>moQ>o, gñVo d Xj BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ H$åß`yQ>a hmoVo WoŸ&
computers had smaller, cheaper and efficient
electronic circuits. It required less power BZ_| H$_ epŠV IM© hmoVr h¡Ÿ& gmW hr CPUH$s {S>OmB©Z
consumption. The design of CPU and their d BgH$m {ZX}em| H$m goQ> A{YH$ gwYa J`m WmŸ& BZH$s
instruction set was improved in this genera- {ZåZ {deofVmE± Wr …
tion. The second generation computer are
characterised by following properties:
1. Transistor was used as a CPU component. 1. Q´>m§{OñQ>am| H$m Cn`moJ CPU Ad`d Ho$ {b`m {H$`m
J`m Wm Ÿ&
2. Ferrite core memory was the dominant 2. _w»` _o_moar Ho$ {bE \o$amB©Q> H$moa _o_moar H$m Cn`moJ
technology for main memory. A{YH$ hmoZo bJm Ÿ&
3. Magnetic disks were used for secondary 3. Mw§~H$s` {S>ñH$ H$m Cn`moJ goH§$S>ar _o_moar Ho$ ê$n _|
memory. {H$`m J`m Ÿ&
4. More CPU registers are added to facilitate 4. AZoH$ CPU a{OñQ>a ~‹T>mE JE Ÿ& O¡go BÝS>o³g
manipulation. e.g. Index register were in- a{OñQ>a H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m&
troduced.
5. Call and Return instruction were intro- 5. H$m°b VWm [aQ>Z© {ZX}em| H$m Cn`moJ hþAm Ÿ&
duced.
6. Floating-point Arithmetic was used. 6. âbmoqQ>J-nmBªQ> A§H$-J{UV H$m Cn`moJ hþAm Ÿ&
7. Input-output Processor (IO processor) was 7. BZnwQ>-AmCQ>nwQ> àmogoga (IO àmogoga) H$m Cn`moJ
introduced to perform routine IO tasks.
{H$`m J`m Ÿ&
8. High Level Language were used for pro- 8. hmB©-bodb ^mfm H$m Cn`moJ hþAm Ÿ& O¡go- FOR-
gramming e.g. FORTRAN, COBOL, etc. TRAN, COBOL Am{X Ÿ&
9. Batch processing and multiprogramming 9. ~oM àmogoqgJ VWm _pëQ>àmoJ«mq_J Am°naoqQ>J {gñQ>_
operating systems were introduced.
Cn`moJ _| AmE Ÿ&
Examples of second Generation Comput- {ÛVr` nr‹T>r H$åß`yQ>am| Ho$ CXmhaU … IBM ; 1620,
ers: IBM ; 1620, 7090, 7094 I, 7094 II, CDC 1604, 7090, 7094 I, 7094 II, CDC 1604, PDP1, 5, 8
PDP1, 5, 8
Third Generation (1965-1974) V¥Vr` nr‹T>r (1965-1974)
The computers which used Integrated Cir- BZ nr‹T>r Ho$ H$åß`yQ>am| _| IC (Integrated Cir-
cuits (ICs) as CPU components are kept in third cuit) H$mo ^r CPU Ho$ n[anW _| Ad`d H$s Vah
generation. They used SSI (small scale Integra-
tion) and MSI (medium scale Integration) tech- Cn`moJ _| bm`m OmZo bJm& gm_mÝ`V`m SSI d MSI
