Page 366 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

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366 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

4.15 Word Length of a Computer 4.15 dS>© b|W Am°\$ H$åß`yQ>a
The brain of the computer is CPU (Central H$åß`yQ>a H$m _pñVîH$ CPU hmoVm h¡Ÿ& `hr gmao
Processing Unit). All the arithmetic, logical and A§H$J{U{V`, Vm{H©$H$ d H§$Q´>mob H$m`© H$aVm h¡Ÿ& BgHo$
control operations are performed in this unit.
The unit inside CPU which is responsible for A§Xa EH$ BH$mB© hmoVr h¡ Omo gmao A§H$J{UVr` VWm Vm{H©$H$
performing arithmetic and logical operation is H$m`© H$aVr h¡Ÿ& Bg BH$mB© H$mo ALU H$hVo h¢Ÿ& gm_mÝ`V`m
called ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit). Normally `h BH$mB© a{OñQ>am| go ~mBZar g§»`m boH$a CZ na {d{^ÝZ
the ALU accepts operands from registers. These
operands are in binary form. The maximum H$m`© H$aVr h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ Ûmam EH$ A{YH$V_ b§~mB© H$s
length of binary number which can be ac- ~mBZar g§»`m hr ñdrH$ma H$s Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& ALU Ûmam
cepted by ALU is called world length of com- ñdrH$ma {H$E JB© ~mBZar g§»`m H$s A{YH$V_ b§~mB©
puter. Thus, the word length, shows process- H$mo hr H$åß`yQ>a H$s dS>© b|W H$hVo h¡Ÿ& Bggo H$åß`yQ>a Ho$
ing capability of ALU within the CPU. Longer
is the word length faster is the computer. For H$m`© H$aZo H$s J{V H$m nVm MbVm h¡Ÿ& A{YH$ dS>© b|W Ho$
example the word length in Intel CPU 4004 H$åß`yQ>a A{YH$ J{V go H$m`© H$a gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& O¡go B§Q>ob Ho$
was 4 bit. The first 8-bit microprocessor from _mBH«$moàmogoga 4004 H$s dS>©b|W 4-{~Q>, 8085 d 8080
Intel was 8008. Similarly 8086 was first 16-bit,
80386 was first 32 bit and pentium is first 64-bit H$s 8-{~Q>, 8086 H$s 16-{~Q>, 80386 H$s 32-
microprocessor. bit, VWm n|{Q>`_ H$s 64-{~Q> h¡Ÿ&
4.16 Processing Speed of a Computer 4.16 H$åß`yQ>a H$s àmogoqgJ J{V
The speed of computer is decided by the CPU Ho$ H$m`© H$aZo H$s J{V go hr H$åß`yQ>a H$s
speed of CPU. That means how many instruc-
tions a CPU can execute in one second. Or dmñV{dH$ J{V H$m nVm MbVm h¡ Ÿ& O¡go CPU EH$ goH§$S>
sometimes how many operations a CPU can _| {H$VZo {ZX}e g§nÝZ H$a gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& `m EH$ goH§$S> _|
perform in one second. Following parameters {H$VZr J{UVr` {H«$`mE± H$a gH$Vm h¡ Ÿ& H$åß`yQ>a H$s J{V
are used to measure the processing speed of a H$mo {ZåZmZwgma ~Vm`m Om gH$Vm h¡ …
Computer:
MIPS : (Millions of Instruction Per Sec- MIPS : (Millions of Instruction Per Sec-
ond): This refers to the instructions executed in ond) : `h EH$ goH§$S> _| EŠOrŠ`yQ> {H$E JE {ZX}em| H$s
millions per second. The parameter MIPS is g§»`m {_{b`Zm| (Xg bmI) _| ~VmVm h¡Ÿ& `h ñHo$ca
used with scalar processors. This quantity speci- àmogoga Ho$ {cE C{MV hmoVm h¡ VWm nyUmªH$m| na H$m`© H$s
fies the integer performance of processor.
j_Vm ~VmVm h¡Ÿ&
MFLOPS: (Millions of Floating point Op- MFLOPS: (Millions of Floating point Op-
erations Per Second): This refers to the num- erations Per Second): `h EH$ goH§$S> _| {H$VZo
ber of floating point arithmetic operations per- {_{b`Z âbmoqQ>J-nmBªQ> {H«$`mE± g§nÝZ H$s JB©, H$mo ~VmVm
formed by CPU in one second. This quantity is h¡Ÿ& `h _mÌm doŠQ>a àmogoga Ho$ àXe©Z H$mo Xem©Zo Ho$ {bE
specified to show the performance of vector {ZYm©[aV H$s OmVr h¡Ÿ& dmñV{dH$ _mÌm Ho$ àXe©Z H$m
processor. The performance of real quantity
operations is called floating point performance Am°naoeZ âbmoqQ>J nm°BÝQ> na\$m°_}Ýg H$hbmVm h¡ VWm `h
and it is specified by MFLOPS. MFLOPS Ûmam {ZYm©[aV {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&