Page 369 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER
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Examples of microprocessor _mBH«$moàmogoga Ho$ CXmhaU
The first microprocessor from Intel was BÝQ>ob H$m àW_ _mBH«$moàmogoga 4004 WmŸ& `h 4-
4004. It was a 4-bit microprocessor. The first 8- {~Q> H$m WmŸ& BÝQ>ob H$m àW_ 8-{~Q> H$m _mBH«$moàmogoga
bit microprocessor from Intel was 8008. Other
8-bit microprocessor are 8080 and 8085. 8008 WmŸ& 8080 d 8085 ^r BÝQ>ob Ho$ 8-{~Q> Ho$
_mBH«$moàmogoga WoŸ&
The first 16-bit microprocessor from Intel BÝQ>ob H$m àW_ 16-{~Q> H$m _mBH«$moàmogoga 8086
was 8086. The first microprocessor used in IBM/ WmŸ& IBM/PC _| 8088 H$m Cn`moJ hþAm WmŸ& AmÝV[aH$
PC was 8088. Internally its architecture was
similar to 8086 but external data bus was 8-bits ê$n go BgH$s g§aMZm 8086 Ho$ g‘mZ Wr {H$ÝVw ~mø S>mQ>m
wide. Thus, 8-bit devices then present were ~g 8-{~Q> Mm¡‹S>r Wr& Bg àH$ma Cg g‘¶ àñVwV H$s J¶r
easily connected to reduce overall cost. The 8-{~Q> {S>dmBgog gånyU© bmJV KQ>mZo Ho$ {bE gabVm go
first 32-bit microprocessor from Intel was 80386.
The first 64-bit microprocessor from Intel was Omo‹S>r J¶r Wr& BÝQ>ob H$m àW_ 32-{~Q> H$m _mBH«$moàmogoga
Pentium, 80386 WmŸ& nopÝQ>`_ àW_ 64-{~Q> H$m h¡Ÿ&
Other Companies also designed micropro- Xygar H§$n{Z`m| Zo ^r _mBH«$moàmogoga ~ZmE Ÿ& O¡go
cessors. For example, Z-80 is an 8- bit micro- PmBbmoJ H$m Z - 80, EH$ 8-{~Q> _mBH«$moàmogoga h¡, _moQ>moamobm
processor from Zilog, Motorola gave MC 6800, Zo MC 6800 {X`m, ZoeZb go_rH$ÊS>ŠQ>a Zo NSC800
National Semiconductor NSC800 etc.
{X`m Am{XŸ&
Uses of microprocessor _mBH«$moàmogoga Ho$ Cn`moJ
1. Industrial Control : Controls various pro- 1. Am¡Úmo{JH$ H§$Q´>mob… {d{^ÝZ {H«$`mH$bmnm| H$m {Z`§ÌU
cesses and turn on and off devices.
H$aZm VWm {d{^ÝZ CnH$aUm| H$mo ~§X-Mmby H$aZm Ÿ&
2. Computing Unit in calculator. (e.g. 4004) 2. Ho$ëŠ`yboQ>a _| H$åß`yqQ>J `y{ZQ> (O¡go 4004) Ÿ
3. CPU of digital Computer. 3. {S>{OQ>b H$åß`yQ>a H$m CPU
4. Traffic Light Controller. 4. Q´>m{\$H$ bmB©Q> H§$Q´>moba Ÿ
5. Washing Machine Control. 5. dmqeJ _erZ H§$Q´>mob Ÿ
6. Car Control. 6. H$ma H§$Q´>mob Ÿ&
4.18 Single Chip Microcomputer 4.18 qgJc {Mn _mBH«$moH$åß`yQ>a (_mBH«$moH§$Q´>moba)
(Microcontroller)
When all the essential components of a O~ {H$gr _mBH«$moH$åß`yQ>a Ho$ n[anW Ho$ g§nyU© {hñgm|
microcomputer are integrated in a single chip, H$mo EH$ hr {Mn _| ~Zm {X`m OmVm h¡, Vmo Bgo _mBH«$moH§$Q´>moba
it becomes a Microcontroller or single chip
microcomputer. Generally, following compo- `m qgJb {Mn _mBH«$moH$åß`yQ>a H$hVo h¢Ÿ& gm_mÝV`m, EH$
nents are packed in a single chip of _mBH«$moH§$Q´>moba H$s {Mn _| {ZåZ Ad`d hmoVo h¢ …
microcontroller:
MicroProcessor ROM (Program Memory)
R/W memory (Data memory) RAM IO Ports
