Page 368 - FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

NPP

368 Fundamentals of Computers NPP

Microprocessor

ALU CU
Input Microprocessor Output

Register Memory
Array

This computer which uses a microproces- Eogm H$åß`yQ>a {Og_| CPU Ho$ ñWmZ na _mBH«$moàmogoga
sor is called microcomputer. Thus, a micropro- bJm hmo, _mBH«$moH$åß`yQ>a H$hbmVm h¡ Ÿ& EH$ _mBH«$moàmogoga
cessor is a programmable logic device which ‘| àmoJ«m_o~b bm°{OH$ `wpŠV hmoVr h¡, Omo JUZm ^r H$aVr
has computing as well as decision making ca- h¡ Am¡a {ZU©` ^r boVr h¡ Ÿ& _o_moar _| {bIo {ZX}em| H$mo
pability. It reads binary instructions from n‹T>H$a CÝh| g_PVr h¡ Ÿ& BZnwQ> Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~m¶Zar S>mQ>m
memory, accepts binary data as input and per-
forms an operation pointed in the instruction. H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVr h¡ VWm BÝñQ´>³eZ ‘| ~Vm¶o J¶o Am°naoeÝg
It can supply the result as output. A micropro- gånÝZ H$aVr h¡& EH$ ‘mBH«$moàmogoga BÝQ>rJ«oQ>oS> g{H©$Q>
cessor integrated circuit (IC) is built with fol- (IC) {ZåZ{b{IV VH$ZrH$ go ~Zr hmoVr h¡& {ZX}e _|
lowing technology: ~VmE AZwgma Bg S>mQ>m na {H«$`mE± H$aVr h¡Ÿ&
LSI (Large Scale Integration) and VLSI LSI (bmO© ñHo$b BÝQ>rJ«oeZ) VWm VLSI (doarbm°O©
(Very Large Scale Integration). ñHo$b BÝQ>rJ«oeZ)Ÿ&
Any microprocessor has three parts in it : EH$ _mBH«$moàmogoga _| VrZ BH$mB©`m± hmoVr h¡ … ALU,
ALU, Control Unit and Register array: CU (H§$Q´>mob `w{ZQ>) VWm a{OñQ>am| H$m g_yh …
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) ALU
This unit inside microprocessor is respon- `h {d{^ÝZ A§H$J{UVr` d Vm{H©$H$ {H«$`mE± H$aZo Ho$
sible for performing various arithmetic and H$m_ _| AmVr h¡ Ÿ& O¡go, Omo‹S>Zm, KQ>mZm, AND, OR,
logical operations. These include Add, subtract, XOR Am{XŸ& Bg AÜ`m` Ho$ àma§^ _| Bgo {dñV¥V ê$n _|
AND, OR exclusive etc. It has been described
in detail in the beginning of this chapter. g_Pm`m J`m h¡Ÿ&
Control Unit (CU) CU
This unit provides various control and tim- `h BH$mB© {d{^ÝZ H§$Q´>mob {g¾b àXmZ H$aVr h¡Ÿ&
ing signals. It controls all other units of the `h H$åß`yQ>a H$s gmar BH$mB`m| H$mo {Z`§{ÌV H$aZo H$m H$m`©
microcomputer. H$aVr h¡Ÿ&
Register Array a{OñQ>a-g_yh

These registers are used to store data tem- `o a{OñQ>a AñWm`r ê$n go S>mQ>m, {ZX}e d _o_moar Ho$
porarily while execution of program. Some ES´>og Am{X aIZo H$m H$m`© H$aVo h¢Ÿ& n[aUm_ ^r BZ_| Om
registers may be used in instructions. These are gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& BÝh| h_ àmoJ«m_o~c a{OñQ>a H$hVo h¢Ÿ&
called programmable registers.