Page 248 - Edición N° 30

día, no se puede hablar de arbitraje sin nombrar crecimiento importante del tráfico internacional
a este Tratado. La Convención de Nueva York de bienes y servicios6. La globalización y el flujo
sentó las bases de las reformas de las leyes arbi­ de inversiones entre países comienzan a ser
trales e impulsó la emisión de la Ley Modelo de una constante, los contratos internacionales
UNCITRAL* 4. Es el instrumento por excelencia a se multiplican y, obviamente, las controversias
nivel del arbitraje internacional y sirvió de base siguen la misma suerte y requieren de reglas
para posteriores tratados continentales sobre la previsibles y, en lo posible, uniformes.
materia. En efecto, en Europa con la Convención
Europea de 1961 y en América, con la Conven­ La Convención de Nueva York consolida un
ción de Panamá de 1975. marco internacional idóneo para la práctica
del arbitraje que resulta eficaz y práctico para
La Convención de Nueva York se aprueba en un las necesidades de los diversos actores que se
momento en el que era necesario incrementar el desenvuelven en este contexto de expansión
comercio internacional5, justo luego de culmina­ del comercio internacional7. Como bien señalan
da la Segunda Guerra Mundial cuando se da un Born y Gaillard, esto se logró al facilitar la eje-

49: "This Convention has been the most successful ¡nternational ¡nstrument in the fíeld of arbitraron, and perhaps
could lay claim to be the most effective instance of ¡nternational legislation in the entire history ofcommercial iaw";
SCHWEBEL, Stephen M. "A Celebration ofthe United Nations New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement
of Foreign Arbitral Awards". En: Arbitration International. Vol. 12, N° 1. Kluwer Law International, 1996, pp. 88-89:
"A sixth generality is that the New York Convention works. For the most part it works well. Foreign arbitral awards are
regularly recognized and enforced the "world over. Awards are paid, if necessary with the assistance of local courts";
y, BORN, Gary. International Commercial Arbitration. Segunda Edición. Kluwer Law International, 2014, p. 99:
"Generally referred to as the "New York Convention," the treaty is by far the most signifícant contemporary legislative
¡nstrument relating to international commercial arbitration. It provides what amounts to a universal constitutional
charter for the international arbitral process, whose sweeping terms have enabled both national courts and arbitral
tribunals to develop durable, effective means for enforcing international arbitration agreements and arbitral awards.
The Convention also provided the basis for most contemporary national legislation governing the ¡nternational arbitral
process, and in particular the UNCITRAL Model Law, which has implemented and elaborated upon the Convention's
basic principies and legal framework".
4. Pieter Sanders comenta que: "First of all I would like to draw attention to the harmonizing effect the New York
Convention has had on national arbitration legislation. This development was not foreseen in 1958. It is thanks to
the UNCITRAL Model Law of 1985 which virtually repeats the grounds for refusal of enforcement ofthe New York
Convention in its model for national arbitration legislation. This was done not only for the grounds for the refusal
of enforcement ofan award but virtually the same grounds apply as grounds for the setting aside oían award. The
Model Law has by now been adopted by some 28 States of which 10 also did so for domestic arbitration. Therefore,
the impact ofthe New York Convention on the Model Law has been considerable". SANDERS, Pieter. “The History of
the New York Convention". En: VAN DEN BERG, Albert Jan (Ed ,).lmproving the Effíciency of Arbitration Agreements
and Awards: 40 Years of Application ofthe New York Convention, ICCA Congress Series. Vol. 9. París: Kluwer Law
International, 1998, p. 13.
5. BORN, Gary. Op. Cit., p.100: “The Convention was adopted -like many national arbitration statutes- specifically to
address the needs ofthe international business community and international trade and commerce".
6. SAVAGE, John y GAILLARD, Emmanuel. Fouchard Gaillard Goldman on International Commercial Arbitration.
Kluwer Law International, 1999, p. 122: "Following World War II and the subsequent growth of ¡nternational
trade, the weaknesses ofthe 1927 Geneva Convention, which neither the United States ñor the Soviet Union had
ratiñed, became very apparent. It needed to be revised if arbitration was to become an efficient means ofresolving
international disputes".
7. Emmanuel Gaillard y Fernández Arroyo sostienen que: "En las últimas décadas, el arbitraje se ha convertido en el
mecanismo de solución de controversias ordinario para una enorme cantidad de relaciones jurídicas yendo desde
las más simples transacciones comerciales a las más complicadas relaciones entre inversores y Estado". GAILLARD,
Emmanuel y FERNÁNDEZ ARROYO, Diego, P, "Cuestiones claves del arbitraje internacional: Introducción". En:
GAILLARD, Emmanuel y FERNÁNDEZ ARROYO, Diego P. (Ed.).Cuestiones claves del arbitraje internacional. Bogotá:
Editorial Universidad del Rosario, Centro de Estudios de Derecho, Economía y Política, 2013, p. 1.

Nuevas tendencias en el reconocimiento y la ejecución de laudos anulados en la sede del arbitraje