Page 53 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

downstream consumer. Through these surveys, we oil equivalent (goe), with the conversions factors
have collected data necessary for calculations and shown in the second column of table 1.
analyzes. The results obtained were compared to Table 1: Energy equivalence and emission factors
previous work conducted on the same products in by energy type
France by Rizet and Keïta (2008). This allows us to
compare the energy consumption and GHG Emission Factors
emissions of different types of retail outlets on the (kg CO2e / unit)
case of yogurt and blue jeans between Vietnam and From
France. Finally, these analyzes aim to reduce GHG Conver the From
emissions in the freight transport activity and in sion well to the
particular the supply chain in Vietnam. factor the From well
(kgoe / reserv tank to to the
2. Methodology Type of energy unit) oir wheel wheel
The main greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by 1 liter of diesel
supply chains is carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted by (road transport) 0,83 0,66 2,55 3,17
the combustion of hydrocarbons. The new emission 1 liter of
factors used in France (MTES, 2017) also accounts gasoline (road
for other GHG, which have been converted in CO2 transport) 0,791 0,53 2,26 2,79
equivalent (CO2e). The emission factors used are 1 kWh of
shown in Table 1 below and come from the 'CO2 electricity 0,086 0,048 0,000 0,048
information guide for transport services' (MTES, consumed in
2017) for diesel, gasoline, bunker fuel oil and France 1
electricity in France and from the 'Ministry of consumed in 0,413 0,000 0,413
Natural Resources and Environment Vietnam, 2015' Vietnam 2
for electricity in Vietnam. Table 1 also indicates the Natural Gas 1
coefficients used to convert these different forms of MWh PCI 0,77 0,7 2,81 3,51
energy into a common unit, the gram of oil 1 kg of BFO
equivalent (goe). (Bunker Fuel 0,99 0,50 3,14 3,64
The amount of energy consumed in Oil, for
transport is itself calculated, at each stage of the maritime
chain, as the product of the distance (distance under transport)
load and possibly empty distance) multiplied by a Sources: MTES 2017 (Guide information GHG
1
unit consumption (liters per hundred km for journeys for transport services) for diesel, gasoline and
2
road). Energy consumption and GHG emissions by electricity in France; Ministry of Natural
step are then related to the corresponding quantity of Resources and Environment of Vietnam, 2015 for
product; they are finally summed up on the different Electricity in Vietnam.
stages of the supply chain. Surveys of companies,
carriers and shippers were conducted face-to-face, in When the energy consumed and the
Vietnam and France, with the transport managers of emissions are related to the quantities produced or
these companies; the questions covered journeys, transported, the indicators used are the goe / kg and
type of vehicle, total weight of the load and empty gCO2e / kg of product:
journey before and after the laden journeys.
a. Quantification of energy consumed and GHG Goe (gram of oil equivalent) / kg product =
emissions from road transport: ((loaded distance + empty distance in km) x unit
Three forms of energy have been encountered in consumption (liters / 100km for road trips)) x
the studied chains: Conversion factor in kgoe / unit / (Purchase weight
- Diesel, an almost exclusive fuel for road of load in kg ); (goe/kg) (1)
transport, and gasoline used mainly for consumer
journeys gCO2e / kg product = the amount of energy
- Electricity used in production plants, logistics
platforms and retail outlets; used (in goe / kg) x Emission factor for each type of
- Natural gas is used in yogurt factories. energy (in gCO2e / unit). (2)
In order to quantify the quantity of energy, these To be able to aggregate and compare the
different energies have been converted in grams of emissions of energies from different sources, in

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