Page 54 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

particular hydrocarbons and electricity, we use the c. Quantification of energy consumed and
emission coefficients 'from well to wheel' or emissions from retail outlets and platforms:
'combustion + upstream'. Logistic platforms and retail outlets
Surveys of operators (producers, carriers consume electricity. This electricity consumption
and distributors) in both countries describe the was estimated with the managers of these platforms
logistic chains that studied products actually use in and supply chain retail outlets studied. The energy
both countries and quantify the emissions at each consumed in the area occupied by the product under
stage, from the raw material production, to the retail study was estimated with the help of the outlet
outlet where the product is sold. In addition, an managers, then divided by the quantity of products
online survey of consumers has quantified GHG passing through this area (part of the retail outlet or
emissions from the last stage of the supply chain: the platform). The values per m2 (energy consumption,
journey of the consumer who buy this product, quantity of products, emissions) allow a consistency
depending in particular on the type of retail outlet check, as well as the average energy efficiency (all
where he goes shopping, in Hanoi or in the Paris products) per site.
region. For the product P (yogurt or blue jeans):
In France electricity is produced mainly
from nuclear power while in Vietnam, fossil energy Goe / kg of P = the electricity consumption
is still predominant. In fact, fossil fuels for electricity of the area (KWh / year) divided by the quantity of
production in Vietnam account for about 65-70% P products sold (kg / year) x Electricity conversion
according to the Energy Report of the Vietnam factor (goe / kWh) (5)
Electricity Group by 2015.
gCO2e = the electricity consumption of the
b. Quantification of energy consumed and carbon product P (kWh / kg of P) x emission factor of the
emissions from maritime transport: electricity (in gCO2e / kWh) (6)
In the case of maritime transport, the
consumption of energy source is estimated taking d. Quantification of energy consumption and
into account the capacity of the vessel in number of emissions of the consumer journey
containers (TEU), the loading rate (% of full The energy consumption and the emission
containers), the distance of the sea route and average of the consumer journey, for each mode, were
speed. The quantification of the energy consumption estimated as follows for the journey between the
of the maritime transport is based on an estimation retail outlet and the home (the journey to the retail
of the daily consumption in kg of Bunker Fuel Oil outlet is not taken into account):
by TEU according to the distance between the ports
and the speed of the ship, its loading rate (% full Goe / kg of consumer journey = [Car
containers) and the weight of load per container consumption per trip (liter / 100km) x Average
(Rizet et al 2012): distance traveled (km) x (% car + motorcycle) / 100)
x Diesel conversion factor] / Total weight of
goe / kg product = Unit consumption of the purchase (kg) (7)
ship (in kg BFO / TEU / day x (Distance / speed) x
Loading rate (% full container) x Conversion factor GHG emission = ∑ (Energy consumption of
(in goe / kgBFO) / Weight of the load (in kg / TEU) the consumer trip) x [emission factor] (8)
(3)
gCO2e / kg product = goe / kg product / 3. Results
Conversion factor (in goe / kg BFO) x Emission a. For the yogurt chain:
factor (gCO2e / kg BFO). (4) Vietnam is experiencing an explosion in
demand for dairy products that domestic production
With this method, it is sufficient to know the does not cover. To reduce imports, the government
origin of supplies, especially cotton, and the type of has decided to launch a vast national dairy plan
ship that transported this product, its capacity, (2010-2020) aimed at rapidly increasing milk
average speed and load factor, and the average load production. The goal is to meet 80% of the demand
per TEU to estimate energy consumption and the for Vietnamese consumption in 2020. Currently,
corresponding emissions. Vinamilk is a large milk and dairy products company
in Vietnam. Yogurt is made in Vietnam by the

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