Page 59 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

types of retail outlets are distinguished mainly by the important. In France, the distance traveled by
last km and it is the independent shops which seem domestic transport is greater and the quantity of
the most effective, both on this last kilometer and jeans sold per square meter in a hypermarket is
globally. higher in Vietnam. Only consumer journeys and the
logistics platform are more efficient in France.

Comparison between yogurt and blue jeans:
In Vietnam, between the two products
studied, the energy consumption and GHG
emissions of the entire supply chain are much less
important for yogurt (around 30%) than for blue
jeans; Yogurt's carbon emission is 1.5 times less than
that of blue jeans, mainly due to the retail outlet issue
and the consumer's trip. The share of inland transport
in the supply chain carbon emissions is relatively
low (around 22% in total carbon emissions for
yogurt and 15% in total for blue jeans) Hypermarket
in Vietnam are more efficient than small shops and
factory outlets, because of the economies of scale
Fig 4: GHG emissions of the different blue-jeans achieved by large retailers for the energy consumed
chains studied in Vietnam (in gCO2e /kg of blue- in the chains studied.
jean)
For the four chains studied, most of the 4. Conclusion
emissions come from the retail outlet on the one For yogurt, in both countries, truck transport
hand and from the consumer's journey to a lesser (or transport generally considered as 'goods', that is
extent. Emission levels are not very different to say without counting the consumer's journey) is
between the chains; the factory outlets emit a little far from the most important element in the total
more than supermarkets and it is the retail outlet energy consumption of the logistics chains studied:
itself that seems less efficient then; for independent this transport by truck represents about 25% in the
boutiques, the significantly less emitting consumer total energy of the French chain and only 15% in the
journey compensates for the retail outlet issue. total energy of the Vietnamese chain. GHG
Between hypermarkets chains in Vietnam emissions per kilogram of yogurt sold is higher in
and France, the origin of supplies and the Vietnam than in France: the carbon intensity of the
organization of the chain are very different: in yogurt supply chain is less important in France than
Vietnam it is cotton that is imported and then in Vietnam because of the emission factor of
processed in the country while France imports the electricity, which is 10 times lower (0.053 gCO2e /
blue jeans all made. On the other hand, the distances kWh) in France than in Vietnam (0.576 gCO2e /
traveled before arriving at the port of importation are kWh), which allows the French chains emit less
much longer in the French chain, both for land GHG (2.5 times less) than its Vietnamese
transport or for shipping. Also, in this comparison, counterpart.
we consider the entire chain, from the cotton field to For blue jeans, the energy consumed in
the consumer's home, contrary to previous international transport (land and sea transport) is
comparisons between the different types of crucial for the energy efficiency of the chain,
businesses, which all corresponded to the same especially in France (65% of the total supply chain
imports. energy) while in Vietnam, international transport
Over the entire chain, energy consumption accounts for only 50% of total energy of the supply
is significantly higher in France and this is mainly chain. Above all, blue jeans are manufactured in
due to international transport, land and sea, which factories in Vietnam. However, the energy
are responsible for most of the energy consumed in consumed in domestic transport and in the
the French chain; they are nearly half as important in consumer's journey is much more important in
the Vietnamese chain. Vietnam (60% on average in the total energy
In Vietnam, the energy consumption of consumed in the supply chain) than in France. This
domestic transport and the retail outlet are more tells us that the carbon efficiency of international

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