Page 57 - Proceeding of Atrans Young Researcher's Forum 2019_Neat

“Transportation for A Better Life:
Smart Mobility for Now and Then”

23 August 2019, Bangkok, Thailand

distributors' platforms, hypermarkets, supermarkets Vietnam than in France: in Vietnam, in the cases
and factory shops are delivered by refrigerated studied, a significant proportion of these trips are
trucks with a 7.5 tones payload and from the factory made by motorized transport whatever the type of
platform, independent shops are delivered by retail outlet.
refrigerated trucks with a 15 to 17 tones payload.
This third stage of the logistics chains is organized b. For the blue jeans chain:
by the factory itself for independent shops and by a In France, among the chains of trousers
transport and logistics provider (Inland Container considered in the report by Rizet and Keïta (2005),
Depot located in Tien Son, province of Bac Ninh, we consider here the chain whose cotton is produced
about 30 km from Hanoi) for the supermarket chains spun and woven in India, to compare it with the
to hyper and supermarkets and the shops of the Vietnamese chains. In this French chain, clothing is
factory. made in Bangladesh, from where blue jeans are
In France, the platforms of the distributors imported into France via the port of Le Havre then
are delivered by refrigerated semi-trailers of 14,5 transported to a logistic platform before being
tons of payload. From this platform, yogurt is shipped to retail outlets in the Paris region. Only one
transported to retail outlets in the Ile de France type of retail outlet has been analyzed in France:
region. The average distance of this stage is 658 km. hypermarkets in the Paris region.
On the other hand, it shows slight differences in Seven stages were distinguished for each of
efficiency between the different forms of the chains studied:
distribution analyzed. The different logistic chains - Step 1, transporting the cotton field to the
lead to differences in energy consumption per spinning mill - weaving.
kilogram of yogurt of 20% maximum with, in both - Step 2, transporting the spinning mill -
countries, a slight advantage for the hypermarkets weaving to the trousers factory.
that seem to have the best energy efficiency among - Stage 3, transportation from the garment
the different forms of distribution analyzed. factory to the platform that will supply for the retail
On the other hand, when this energy is outlet,
transformed into GHG emissions, all the French - Step 4, the logistics platform,
chains emit much less than those of Vietnam and this - Step 5, transportation from the platform to
is explained mainly by the difference between the the retail outlet,
emission coefficients of the electricity of the two - Step 6, the retail outlet,
countries. - Step 7, the consumer's journey from the retail
The main difference lies in the use of outlet to his home.
platforms: in Vietnam, yogurt goes through a single In Vietnam, cotton is imported through the
logistics platform after its manufacture, while in port of Haiphong (Gulf of Tonkin) and transported
France, it goes systematically through two to spinning and weaving mills located less than 100
platforms: a platform a form of producer allowing km from the port, and then the fabric is taken to
the grouping of products manufactured in different garment factories in the Hanoi area; finally the blue
regions and a distributor platform for the preparation jeans are transported to the platform from which they
of their deliveries to the retail outlets. The two will leave for the different types of retail outlets in
French platforms together consume less energy per Hanoi. Cotton is transported to the port of each of
kilo than the only Vietnamese platform, which the exporting countries in containers.
seems to be linked to the over-sizing of Vietnamese Although Vietnam has been largely open to
platforms. the market economy for twenty years, state-owned
For a given type of retails, energy enterprises still play an important role, particularly
consumption is fairly close between France and in the cotton sector, for imports, transport and
Vietnam but the distribution of this energy between logistics both in Vietnam and for international
the stages of the chain is different: The energy spent shipping. The spinning-weaving and blues-making
on transport is greater in France, despite the relief factories we worked on are semi-public companies,
and smaller trucks in Vietnam, due to longer with about 50% of the state-owned capital. The
distances. The carbon efficiency of the platforms is vehicles used to transport the cotton to the ports are
better in France whereas that of the retail outlets semi-trailers of 25 tons payload. Sea transport from
seems better in Vietnam. Finally, the consumer the port of Chennai (India) is by container vessel of
journey is less differentiated between retail outlets in 1000 TEUs over 5749 km; from the port of Perth

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