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Affandi dan Sudjojono. Pada akhir 6. Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto images that he was known for, the sekutu dan menjadi bagian dari
dekade 1940-an, ia mendokumentasi (Manila, Filipina, 1892–Quezon City, rural landscape of the Philippines with Brigade 17 Tentara Pelajar Indonesia.
sejarah revolusi dan perjuangan Filipina 1972) bright colors. He was awarded the Ia kemudian bergabung dengan
menuju kemerdekaan melalui Amorsolo menempuh pendidikan First National Artist of the Republic of organisasi Seniman Masyarakat
lukisan-lukisannya. Saat Yogyakarta formalnya di School of Fine Arts, the Philippines from the government di Yogyakarta pada 1946 bersama
diambil alih Belanda pada 1949, ia University of the Philippines. Saat in 1972. Hendra Gunawan, Rusli, dan Affandi.
memimpin muridnya untuk melukis mendapatkan kesempatan mengajar Kelompok tersebut kemudian
kejadian-kejadian dalam perjuangan di Academia de San Fernando, 7. Gustavo Montoya berganti nama menjadi Seniman
kemerdekaan. Dullah dikenal Madrid, ia mempelajari karya-karya (Mexico City 1905–2003) Indonesia Muda (SIM). Ia pernah
sebagai pelukis potret. Ia merupakan Diego Velasquez dan Joaquin Sorolla. Gustavo Montoya merupakan berpameran tunggal di Balai Budaya
pelukis Istana sejak 1950-an yang Setelah kepulangannya dari Madrid, seniman yang erat terkait dengan pada 1956. Ia mendirikan Sanggar
menyusun buku lukisan-lukisan kekhasannya memadukan cahaya Mexican School of Painting. Ia Seniman Selabinangun pada 1958.
koleksi Istana Presiden Sukarno rural khas Filipina dan gaya lukisan pernah memperoleh beasiswa Tahun 1965, Harijadi berangkat
yang diterbitkan pertama kali pada barat menarik minat pembeli lukisan dari pemerintah Meksiko untuk ke Meksiko untuk mempelajari
1956. Dullah merupakan salah satu dari kalangan tentara dan pebisnis mempelajari seni avant-garde di permuseuman dan lukisan mural
pendiri Himpunan Budaya Surakarta. Amerika Serikat. Pecahnya Perang Swiss, Italia, dan Inggris. Setelah serta menjadi anggota kelompok
Ia juga sempat memimpin kelompok Dunia II dan okupasi Jepang di Filipina berpameran di New York, Montoya Organisacion International de
seniman Sanggar Pejeng di Bali. Ia membawa pengaruh kepada lukisan kembali ke Meksiko pada 1942. Muralistos del Mundo di Amerika
berpameran di Indonesia dan di luar Amorsolo. Ia mulai menyertakan Ia kemudian mengeksplorasi Selatan. Ia juga banyak menghasilkan
negeri, termasuk pameran tunggal tragedi dan gambaran penderitaan pendekatan neo-realisme dan teknik karya di ruang publik seperti relief
di Melbourne, Australia pada 1977. manusia akibat peperangan dalam lukis mural yang saat itu sedang tren batu di Samudra Beach Hotel, Jawa
Pada 1988, ia membuka museum lukisannya. Setelah perang, Amorsolo di Meksiko. Ia merupakan salah satu Barat; relief Untung Rugi di Lereng
pribadinya di Solo yang masih secara konsisten menggarap pendiri Salon de la Plastica Mexicana Merapi; relief di Ambarukmo Palace
berdiri hingga hari ini. kekhasannya menggambarkan lanskap (Aula Seni Rupa Meksiko) dan Liga de Hotel; dan relief beton Bandung
(Solo, 1919–Yogyakarta, 1996) rural Filipina dengan pencahayaan Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios Bondowoso di Bandara Adisucipto.
Dullah began painting with Affandi cerah. Ia dianugerahi gelar First yang merupakan kelompok seniman Karya muralnya yang paling dikenal
and Sudjojono. At the end of the National Artist of the Republic of the dan penulis revolusioner. adalah lukisan suasana kota Jakarta
1940s, he documented the history Philippines dari pemerintah Filipina (Mexico City 1905–2003) yang belum sempat diselesaikan yang
of the Indonesian revolution in pada 1972. Gustavo Montoya was associated sekarang berada di ruang Museum
his paintings. When Yogyakarta (Manila, Phillipines, 1892–Quezon City, with the Mexican School of Painting. Sejarah Jakarta.
was seized by the Dutch in 1949, Phillipines, 1972) He received a scholarship from (Kutoardjo, 1919–Yogyakarta, 1997)
he and his students painted Amorsolo finished his formal the Mexican government to study Harijadi Sumadidjaja began to study
important events during the education at the School of Fine Arts, avant-garde art in Switzerland, Italy, painting and sculpture on his own
struggle to maintain the Indonesian University of the Philippines. He and England. After his exhibition since he was 17 years old. During
independence. Dullah is known as studied the works of Diego Velasquez in New York, Montoya returned to the World War II, he served as a
a portrait painter. He served as a and Joaquin Sorolla when he was Mexico in 1942. He experimented meteorologist for the allied forces.
palace painter since the 1950s and teaching at the Academia de San with neo-realism and mural painting He also joined the Brigade 17 of the
he edited the book of paintings in Fernando in Madrid. Works that he technique, which dominated Mexican Indonesian Student Army. In 1946,
the Presidential Palace collection produced after he returned to the artworld at the time. He was one of he joined Hendra Gunawan, Rusli,
that was published for the first Philippines combine the lightings the founders of Salon de la Plastica and Affandi in Seniman Masyarakat,
time in 1956. He was one of the of rural Philippines with the style of Mexicana (The Hall of Mexican which changed its name into Seniman
founding members of Himpunan Western painting that attracted the Fine Art) and Liga de Escritores y Indonesian Muda (SIM – Indonesian
Budaya Surakarta (Surakarta interests of buyers from the armies Artistas Revolucionarios, a group of Young Artists). He held a solo
Cultural Association). He served and businessmen from the United revolutionary writers and artists. exhibition at Balai Budaya in 1956.
as the chairman of Sanggar Pejeng States. The beginning of World War Two years later, he established an
artists’ studio in Bali. He exhibited II and the Japanese occupation in the 8. Harijadi Sumadidjaja artists studio, Sanggar Seniman
both in Indonesia and abroad, Philippines influenced Amorsolo’s (Kutoardjo, 1919–Yogyakarta, 1997) Selabinangun. Sumadidjaja went to
including a solo exhibition in artistic decision to incorporate Harijadi Sumadidjaja mulai belajar Mexico in 1965 to do museum studies
Melbourne, Australia, in 1977. He themes of tragedies and human melukis dan mematung secara and learn mural paintings. During
opened his own private museum in sufferings in his paintings from the otodidak sejak usia 17 tahun. Pada this period, he became a member
Solo in 1988. period. After the war, Amorsolo masa Perang Dunia II, ia menjadi of the Organisacion International
continued to consistently paint seorang meteorolog untuk pasukan de Muralistos del Mundo in South