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[317] Shemos—Mishpatim 22:8 ç:áë íéèôùîZúåîù Shemos—Mishpatim 23:2 á:âë íéèôùîZúåîù [336]

of which [a witness] says, “This is it!” íflÓïêe¤í-−Ìk ·þÔôêÒ−þ¥ÓLÎê [merely] to lean [toward one side]. ³Ò§¬ÐòÌñ
the claims of both parties must be brought to the judges. ó¢Óí−ÑòÐL-þÔëÐcêÒ£ëÖ−ó− flÌíGÍêÞÖíðÔ¼ƒ It must be decided by the majority. :³Ò ÞhÔíÐñó−£ÌaÔþ−'ÑþÎìÞÔê
The one whom the judges find guilty, ó− flÌíGÍê ·öŠ¼−ÌLÐþÔ−þ¥ÓLÎê
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RASHI é"ùø AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
must pay double restitution to his neighbor. ô :eíÞѼÑþÐñóÌ−£ÔòÐLó'ÑlÔLÐ−
It is because [the word ë−Ìþ] is missing the letter yod ð"e− þѽÖì êeíÓL−ÌõÐñe
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RASHI é"ùø AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA that they explained it thus. 10 ,öÑkBëeLÐþÖc
It must be decided by the majority. úÉ ÞhÇäÀì íéÄaÇøéÅøÂçÞÇà
He must pay double restitution to his neighbor. 21 .eäÞÅòÅøÀìíÄéÇðÀLíÅlÇLÀé
There is a majority to whose view you may lean. ,óÓí−ÑþÎìÔêíÓ¬Bò íÖzÔêÓLó−ÌaÔþLÑ−Z
The Torah teaches you that if one makes a claim, öѼBhÔíÓL ,ëe³ÖkÔíEÐðÓnÌñ
When is this so? ?−Ô³Öô−ÑêÐî
regarding an object left for safekeeping, öBðÖwÌõÐa
When the majority for conviction outnumber by two þѳB− ö−Ìë−ÐiÔìÐôÔaö−̼−ÌþÐ×ÔnÔíóÌ−ÔòÐLöÑíÓLöÔôÐïÌa
saying that it was stolen from him, ,epÓô−ÑíëÔòÐèÌòþÔôBñ
those who vote to acquit. ;ö−ÌkÔïÐôÔíöÌô
and then it is discovered that he himself stole it, ,BëÖòÐèBôЮԼ êeíÓLêÖ®ÐôÌòÐî
From that which is implied by what is said: ,þÔôÍêÓpÓL¼ÖôÐLÔnÌôe
he must pay double restitution. ;ñÓõÓ×−ÑôeñÐLÔzóÑlÔLÐô
“Do not follow the majority [of one] to do evil” ,³Ò¼ÖþÐñó−ÌaÔþ−ÑþÎìÔêíÓ−Ðí̳êG
However, when does this apply? ?−Ô³Öô−ÑêÐî
I may derive: −ÌòÎêÔ¼ÑôBL
In a case where he swears ¼ÔaÐLÌpÓLöÔôÐïÌa
But, you may be with them (i.e., rule like them) óÓíÖn̼íÑ−ÍíñÖëÎê
and afterwards witnesses come [and contradict him] ,ó−ÌðѼeêÖaCÖkþÔìÔêÐî
if it is for good (i.e., to acquit the defendant). ;íÖ ëB¬Ðñ
for our Sages expounded [this verse] thus: ,eò−ѳBaÔþeLÐþÖcCÖkÓL
It is from here that they (the Sages) said: ,eþÐôÖêöêÖkÌô
The owner of the house shall approach the Beis Din ,ó−ÌíGÍêÖíñÓê³Ì−ÔaÔíñÔ¼ÔaëÔþКÌòÐî
In case of capital offenses, ³BLÖõÐò−Ñò−Ìc
this “approaching” refers to taking an oath. .ê−ÌííÖ¼eëÐLBïíÖë−ÌþК
the decision to acquit may be based on a majority of one ³e×ÐïÌñðÖìÓê−ÌtñÔ¼ö−ÌhÔô
You claim that it refers to taking an oath, íÖ ¼eëÐLÌñþÑôBê íÖzÔê
but to convict there must be a majority of two. .íÖëBìÐñóÌ−ÔòÐL−ÌtñÔ¼Ðî
or perhaps it refers only to presenting the case, ,ö−ÌðÐñêÖlÓê Bò−ÑêBê
and when he presents his case ö−ÌcÔñêÖaÓLöÖî−ÑkÓL
Onkelos translates [³B¬ÐòÌñë−ÌþñÔ¼íÓòμԳêG]: óÑbÐþÌz ½eñКÐòeêÐî
and denies any obligation by claiming it was stolen ,íÖëÐòÐèÌòþÔôBñ þÔõÖ×Ðî
“Do not refrain from conveying your opinion êÖõÖlÌêÐlÌô¼ÔòÐôÌz̳êÖñ
he is immediately liable to pay twofold ñÓõÓkë−ÑiÔìгÌ−ðÖiÌô
when asked about anything pertaining to a court case.” ,êÖò−ÌcñÔ¼CÖñ−ѼÖaгÌôÐðíÖô
once witnesses come [and testify] ó−ÌðѼeêÖaóÌê
The Hebrew, according to Onkelos, óebÐþÔzÔí−ÌõÐñ−ÌþÐë̼Öí öBLÖñÐî
that it is in his possession? ?BðÖ−Ðë êeíÓL
should be explained as follows: ,LÖþÐðÌò êeí CÖk
[That this is not the case here is indicated by a íÖîÖLíÖþÑïÐb:]
Do not respond in a dispute to lean. ,úÉèÀðÄìáÄø-ìÇòäÆðÂòÞÇú-àGÀå
The term ðÖ− ³eìÌñÐL is stated here ðÖ− ³eì−ÌñÐLöêÖkþÔôÍêÓò
[I.e.] if your opinion is asked in a court case ,¬ÖtÐLÌnÔñþÖëÖð EeñÖêÐLÌ−óÌê
and further on the term ðÖ− ³eì−ÌñÐL is also used: ZðÖ− ³eì−ÌñÐLíÖhÔôÐñþÔôÍêÓòÐî
do not respond by leaning to one side ðÖìÓ êðÔ®Ðñ ³B¬ÐòÌñíÓòμԳêG
“An oath to God shall be between them óÓí−ÑòÐLö−ÑaíÓ−ÐíÌz’í³Ô¼eëÐL
in order to remove yourself from the dispute, ,ë−ÌþÖíöÌôEÐôЮԼšÑlÔ½Ðñe
that he did not lay his hand (BðÖ−ìÔñÖLêG).” 22 ZBðÖ−ìÔñÖLêGóÌê
but decide the matter based on the truth. .Bz−ÌôÎêÔñ B³Bê öÖð−ÑîÍíêÖlÓê
Just as in the latter case it (ðÔ− ³eì−ÌñÐL) refers to öÖlÔíÐlíÔô
[The above are the explanations
taking an oath, ,íÖ¼eëÐL
of the Sages and Onkelos . . .]
here, too, it refers to taking an oath. :íÖ¼eëÐLöêÖk¹Ôê
Of which [a witness] says, “This is it!” .äÆæ àeä-éÄkøÇîàÉéøÆLÂà
But I offer an explanation to fit the verse’s arrangement î−ÖòÐõBê ñÔ¼BëÐL−Ô−ÐñþÑôBê −ÌòÎêÔî
According to its plain meaning [it means]: ,B¬eLÐõ−ÌõÐñ
according to its plain meaning. ,B¬eLÐõÌk
of which a witness says, ðѼÖíþÔôêÒ−þÓLÎê
And this is its interpretation: ,îòBþгÌtCÖk
21 Bava Kamma 63b. 22 Below, v. 10. 10 Since it is written ëÌþ, rather than ë−Ìþ, it can be interpreted as ëÔþ.
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