Page 1022 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

994 PART VIII Reproductive System Disorders

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FIG 56.7 FIG 56.9
Chronic canine nonischemic priapism. (Courtesy Dr. J. Lavely) Paraphimosis, postcopulation, secondary to a small
preputial opening which prevented detumescence. Note the
injected, edematous penile mucosa.

FIG 56.8
Erect canine penis post semen collection; the penile mucosa
is normal in appearance.
FIG 56.10
Ruptured tunica albuginea causing a mass effect in the
result from too small of a preputial orifice, inadequate length canine penis.
of the prepuce, weakened preputial muscles, or trauma. Para-
phimosis most commonly occurs in dogs after manual
semen collection, as the exposed penile mucosa becomes dry Priapism should also be differentiated from other causes
during the postejaculation period (when the normal copula- of penile swelling, such as a hematoma, trauma, or mass
tory tie would occur) from exposure to air without lubrica- lesions (Figs. 56.10, 56.11, 56.12). Penile hematomas usually
tion (Fig. 56.8). Return of the penis within the prepuce is form as a result of trauma or bleeding disorders. Simple
hampered, and severe edema of the exposed distal penile visual inspection and palpation of the penis are usually suf-
tissues can occur (Fig. 56.9). Clinicians should always check ficient to differentiate the conditions. An ultrasound and/or
the stud dog before he leaves the examination room for this color-flow Doppler examination may help differentiate these
development. Lubricating the exposed penile tissues with disorders from priapism. Ultrasound of the perineum and
water soluble gel and gentle manipulation of the prepuce is the entire penile shaft is indicated to evaluate for anatomic
indicated. Paraphimosis may occur in longhaired cats when abnormalities such as neoplasia, fracture of the os penis,
the penis becomes entangled in the preputial hairs; other- hematoma formation, or thromboemboli. Priapism can be
wise, it is uncommon in cats. confirmed ultrasonographically (Figs. 56.13 and 56.14).