Page 1027 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 56 Clinical Conditions of the Dog and Tom 999

TABLE 56.1
VetBooks.ir Bacterial Isolates From the Prepuce and Semen of Stud Dogs SEMEN

PREPUCE
SEMEN
(n = 232 samples from 15 dogs; (n = 232 samples from 15 dogs; (n = 95 dogs; Root Kustritz et al.,
Bjurström et al.) Bjurström et al.) 2005)
Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida Aerobic Organisms in 28% of Samples
β-hemolytic Streptococci β-hemolytic Streptococci β-hemolytic Streptococci
E. coli E. coli Pasteurella multocida
Coagulase neg Staphylococci Pasteurella spp. hemolytic E. coli
Staphylococcus intermedius Streptococcus spp. nonhemolytic E. coli
Streptococcus spp. Staphylococcus intermedius Achromobacter
Pasteurella spp. Actinomyces pyogenes
Coryneforms Bacillus spp.
Enterococci Coagulase pos Staphylococcus
Pseudomonas spp. Hemophilus
Proteus Klebsiella
Proteus
Pseudomonas
Staphylococcus intermedius
Anaerobic Organisms in 14% of
Samples
Bacteroides spp.
Peptostreptococcus
Propionibacterium
Clostridium
Fusobacterium
Streptococcus morbillorum
Mycoplasma present in 11% of samples Mycoplasma present in 3% of Mycoplasma present in 58% of samples
and 80% of dogs samples and 27% of dogs
No bacterial growth in 14% of samples No bacterial growth in 70% of No bacterial growth in 18% of samples
samples

colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter of semen attrib- semen are often prohibitively expensive. Specific sampling of
utable to urethral contamination (normal urethral flora) the urine (representing the prostatic component), prostate,
reportedly varies from 100 to 10,000. A separate culture epididymi, and testes can be more efficient and meaningful,
of the material from a urethral swab obtained just before and can be facilitated by ultrasound-guided technique. Cyto-
ejaculation could be used to identify urethral organisms. logic samples of these areas can also be acquired; suppurative
Quantitative culture of the urethra can then be compared inflammation of the prostate, epididymi, and testes is char-
with quantitative culture of the semen. Gentle cleansing acterized by infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages.
and drying of the prepuce should precede semen collection; Concluding that an infertile or subfertile dog has infectious
semen should be collected with sterile equipment (artificial etiology on the basis of a positive routine ejaculate culture
vagina and collection tubes). Semen evaluation should not is unjustified without supportive data. Dogs with infectious
be performed on these samples because of the spermicidal orchitis, epididymitis, and/or prostatitis tend to have clini-
effects of cleansing and sterilizing agents. Greater than 3 cal signs supporting the etiology (heat, pain, redness, and
logs increase (semen versus urethra) in the number of an swelling of the affected organ) readily apparent on the phys-
organism identified in both the semen and urethral cul- ical examination, as well as abnormal semen (Fig. 56.21).
tures could be considered significant. Quantitative aerobic, Semen collection may be difficult due to pain associated
anaerobic, and Mycoplasma cultures of both the urethra and with ejaculation.