Page 51 - Zoology

4. Pzbgq ev K¨vjwmdvBW ZiæYvw¯’ t G ‡ÿ‡Î g¨vwUª‡· cÖPzi K¨vjwmqvg Kv‡e©v‡bU Rgv _v‡K, d‡j A‡bKUv Aw¯’i g‡Zv k³ iƒc
aviY K‡i| wnD‡givm I wdgv‡ii g¯Í‡K G‡`i cvIqv hvq|

cÖkœ t †cwk wUmy¨ ev gvmwKDjvi wUmy¨ ej‡Z Kx †evS? eY©bv Ki|
‡cwk wUmy¨ t ‡g‡mvWvg© †_‡K D™¢~Z †h wUmy¨ mO‡KvPb cÖmviYÿg I AmsL¨ Zš‘i mgš^‡q MwVZ Zv‡K †cwk e‡j| gv‡qveøv÷ bvgK Avw`
†Kvl iæcvšÍwiZ n‡q Zš‘i g‡Zv j¤^v †cwk‡Kv‡l iæcvšÍwiZ nq| ZvB †cwk‡Kvl‡K †cwkZš‘ e‡j| cÖwZwU †cwk‡Kvl mvi‡Kv‡jgv bvgK
wSwjø‡Z Ave„Z, Gi †fZ‡ii mvB‡UvcøvRg‡K mvi‡KvcøvRg e‡j| mvi‡Kv‡jgvi g‡a¨ ci¯úi mgvšÍivjfv‡e Aew¯’Z AmsL¨
gv‡qvdvBweªj bvgK my² Zš‘ _v‡K| †cwkZš‘ cÖvq 75 kZvsk cvwb I Aewkóvsk KwVb c`v‡_© MwVZ|
‡cwki cÖKvi‡f` t MVb, Ae¯’vb I Kv‡Ri wfwˇZ †cwk‡K wZb †kÖwY‡Z fvM Kiv hvq-
1. gm„Y (wf‡mivj) ev A‰bw”QK †cwk (Involuntary muscle) t G †cwki †Kvl¸‡jv gvKz AvK…wZi, 15-200
gvB‡µvwgUvi | wbDwK¬qvm †Kv‡li PIov cÖv‡šÍ Ae¯’vb K‡i| mvi‡Kv‡jgv A¯úó| gvB‡µvdvBweª‡j †Kv‡bv AvovAvwo †iLv
†`Lv hvq bv| †cŠwóKbvwj, i³bvwj, k¦vmbvwj, g~Î_wj, Rivqy cÖf…wZ A‡½i cÖvPx‡i G †cwk cvIqv hvq|
2. ür‡cwk ev KvwW©qvK †cwk t ‡cwkZš‘i gv‡qvdvBweª‡ji Mv‡q AvovAvwo †iLv _v‡K| †Kv‡li ˆ`N¨© cÖvq 0.8 wgwjwgUvi Ges
e¨vm 12-15 gvB‡µvwgUvi, wbDwK¬qvmwU †Kv‡li †K‡›`ª Ae¯’vb K‡i| †Kvl¸‡jvi ms‡hvM¯’‡j †Kvlc`©v Nb mwbœweó n‡q GK
we‡kl AbycÖ¯’ †iLvi m„wó K‡i| G‡K B›UviK¨v‡j‡UW wW¯‹ e‡j| GKgvÎ ürwc‡Ûi cÖvPx‡i G ai‡bi wUmy¨ cvIqv hvq|

3. K¼vj ev ˆiwLK (wPwýZ) ev Hw”QK †cwk (Voluntary muscle) t cÖvwY‡`‡ni †h Ask¸‡jv‡K Avgiv gvsm e‡j _vwK
cÖK…Zc‡ÿ †m¸‡jvB K¼vj ev ˆiwLK †cwk| G‡`i †Kvl¸‡jv bjvKvi Ges my² Zzš‘i g‡Zv †`Lvq ZvB G‡`i †cwkZš‘ ejv
nq| cÖwZwU †cwk‡Kv‡li Af¨šÍ‡i gv‡qvdvBweªj cvIqv hvq hv actin (cvZjv) I myosin (cyiæ) bvgK †cÖvwUb Øviv MwVZ|
†cwkZš‘¸‡jv ¸”QvKv‡i _v‡K| ¸”Q¸‡jv‡K d¨vwmKzjvm ejv nq| cÖwZwU ¸”Q †cwigvBwmqvg bvgK AveiY Øviv Ave„Z|
A‡bK¸‡jv d¨vwmKzwj GKwÎZ n‡q GKwU eo ¸”Q MVb K‡i| GwcgvBwmqvg bvgK Av‡iK ai‡bi †hvRK wUmy¨ wbwg©Z
Avei‡b ¸”QwU Ave„Z|
‡cwki KvR t ‡cwkB cÖvwY‡`‡ni wewfbœ A‡½i mÂvj‡bi Rb¨ `vqx| Aw¯’msjMœ †cwki ms‡KvPb-cÖmvi‡Yi d‡j cÖvYx ¯’vbvšÍ‡i Mgb
K‡i|

cÖkœ t †cwk‡Z Uvb c‡o wKš‘ av°v †`q bv- eywS‡q ej|
gvbe‡`‡ni K¼vwjK †cwk¸‡jv †Rvovq †Rvovq _v‡K, G‡`i KvR ci¯úi wecixZgywL| evB‡mcm I UªvB‡mcm evûi Ab¨Zg
cÖavb †cwk| evB‡mcm n‡”Q wb¤œevûi †iwWqv‡mi Dc‡i Aew¯’Z †cwk hv KbyB mw܇K evuwK‡q wb¤œevû‡K EaŸ©evûi Dci fuvR n‡Z
mvnvh¨ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K, Avjbvi wb‡P Aew¯’Z †cwk UªvB‡mc‡mi KvR n‡jv KbyB †mvRv K‡i fvuR nIqv wb¤œevû‡K †U‡b †mvRv K‡i
EaŸ©evû †_‡K `y‡i mwi‡q †bIqv| †cwk¸‡jv Ggbfv‡eB MwVZ hv‡Z †Kej msKzwPZ n‡Z cv‡i (A_©vr Uvb w`‡Z cv‡i), av°v w`‡Z
cv‡i bv| †cwk wb‡R evuKv nq bv, mw܇K †U‡b evuwK‡q Av‡b| Gfv‡e euvwK‡q G‡b mwÜ †KvY Kwg‡q †`Iqvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ
evB‡mcm‡K †d¬·i Ges mwÜ †KvY‡K evwo‡q w`‡q A_©vr †mvRv Kwi‡q ‡`Iqvq UªvB‡mcm‡K G·‡UÝi e‡j| A¨vKwUb I gv‡qvwmb G
`yai‡bi †cÖvwUb _v‡K e‡j †cwk Uvb‡Z cv‡i|

cÖkœ t K¼v‡ji Kvh©µg Ges iWm I wjfvi Zš¿ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Ki|
K¼vwjK †cwk Avjv`vfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GKwU †cwk hLb K¼v‡ji m‡½ hy³ _v‡K ZLb ms‡hv‡Mi ¯’vb I cÖK…wZ
wba©viY K‡i †`q Gi ej, MwZ I mÂvj‡bi gvÎv †Kgb n‡e| Gme ˆewkó¨ ¯^vaxb Ges G‡`i m¤úK© wbf©i K‡i †cwk I K¼vjZ‡š¿i
mvaviY MV‡bi Dci| wjfvi Ggb GKwU Abgbxq iW hv mwÜi gva¨‡g m„ó GKwU ¯’vqx c‡q›U eivei Nyi‡Z mÿg| wjfv‡ii MVb-
1. wjfvi evû- nvo¸‡jv wjfvi evû wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
2. wcfU- †h Aw¯’mw܇K †K›`ª K‡i wjfv‡ii KvR Kg© cwiPvwjZ nq|
3. cÖ‡Póv- fvi miv‡bv ev bov‡bvi Rb¨ †cwk †h ej mieivn K‡i|
4. fvi- ‡`‡ni †Kv‡bv As‡ki IRb hv miv‡Z n‡e ev DVv‡Z n‡e wKsev †`‡ni †fZ‡i ev evB‡i wb‡Z n‡e|
wjfv‡ii cÖKvi‡f` t wcfU, cÖ‡Póv I fvi Gi Ae¯’v‡bi wfwˇZ wjfvi wb‡P ewY©Z wZb iKg-

1. cÖ_g †kÖYx wjfvi t G ai‡bi wjfv‡i wcfUwU fvi I cÖ‡Póvi gvSLv‡b Ae¯’vb K‡i| KvuwP G ai‡bi wjfvi, wKš‘ gvbe‡`‡n
cÖ_g ‡kÖYx wjfvi `yj©f| GKwU D`vniY †`Iqv †h‡Z cv‡i- gv_v I cÖ_g K‡kiæKvi ga¨eZx© mwÜwU| G‡ÿ‡Î gv_vi Lywj
n‡”Q wjfvi-evû, Lywj I cÖ_g K‡kiæKv (A¨vUjvm)-i ga¨Kvi mwÜwU wcfU, gv_vi †cQ‡b Aew¯’Z †cwk †_‡K Avmv †ckj
wµqv n‡”Q cÖ‡Póv Ges fvi n‡”Q gv_vi IRb hv cÖ‡Póvi Kg©Kv‡Û DuPz n‡q _v‡K| †cwk (cÖ‡Póv) wkw_j n‡j gv_v Sz‡K
c‡o| G wjfv‡ii gva¨‡g Aí ej cÖ‡qv‡M †ewk dj cvIqv hvq|

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