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FILAMENT WINDING: is used for the manufacture of parts with high fiber volume
fractions and controlled fiber orientation. Fiber tows are immersed in a resin bath
where they are coated with low or medium molecular weight reactants. The
impregnated tows are then literally wound around a mandrel (mould core) in a
controlled pattern to form the shape of the part. After winding, the resin is then cured,
typically using heat. The mould core may be removed or may be left as an integral
component of the part.(Fig.C)
COMPOUNDING OF PLASTICS:
A process that mixes one or more polymers with additives, fillers, pigments and other
ingredients to give plastic compounds. The feeds may be pellets, powder and/or
liquids, but the product is usually in pellet form, to be used in other plastic-forming
processes such as extrusion and injection moulding.
Machine size varies from tiny lab machines to the biggest extruders in the industry,
running as much as 100 tons per hour, as used by the chemical companies that make
the base resins. Usually twin-screw extruders are preferred because they give better
mixing at lower melt temperatures. Most of these have screws and barrels made up
of smaller segments (mixing, conveying, venting and additive feeding) so that the
design can be changed to meet the production and product needs.
Single-screw extruders can be used for compounding as well, especially with
appropriate screw design and static mixers after the screw. Selection of the
components to be mixed (viscosities, additive carriers) is as important as the
equipment
PULTRUSION:
The term pultrusion combines the words, "pull" and "extrusion". Extrusion is the
pushing of material through a shaped die, whereas, pultrusion is pulling of material,
such as fiberglass and resin, through a shaped die. Pultrusion is cost-effective,
automated moulding process for high volume production of fibre-reinforced
composite structural profiles of constant cross section. The profiles produced with
this process can compete with traditional metal profiles made of steel & aluminium for
strength & weight.

The pultrusion process starts with reinforcing fibres being pulled from racks or creels
holding rolls of fiber mat. The reinforcing fibre materials are chosen based on types of
fibre: commonly used are glass fibre, aramid and carbon, second the form: in form of
roving, strands, mat & fabrics, non-woven fabrics and last is the orientation.
Depending on the required strength, a variety of reinforcing materials like fiberglass,
carbon, aramid, roving, mats, fabrics, complexes, non-woven fabrics may be reeled

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