Page 1223 - Basic _ Clinical Pharmacology ( PDFDrive )

Index 1209

synthesis of, 323–326, 324f Enantiomers, 4, 4t asbestos, 1016–1017
epoxygenase products, 325–326 Endocannabinoids, 372, 377t, 379–380 coplanar biphenyls, 1015
inhibition of, 332–333 Endocrine disruptors, 1016 endocrine disruptors, 1016
isoeicosanoids, 326 Endocrine glands, 307 perfluorinated compounds, 1016
lipoxygenase products, 323–325, 324f Endocrine system. See also specific organs polybrominated biphenyl esters, 1015
prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and disorders polybrominated biphenyls, 1015
products, 323, 324f chemical transmission in, 90 polychlorinated biphenyls, 1014–1016
Elbasvir, 888 dysfunction of, on drug metabolism, 72 polychlorinated dibenzofurans, 1015
Eldecalcitol, 775, 777t, 780b Endocytosis, 8f, 9 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, 1015
Elderly, 1058. See Geriatric pharmacology End-of-dose akinesia, 497 Environmental toxicology, 1004–1005
Electrocardiogram, 236f, 1038 Endogenous catecholamines, 146f, 146t, Enzalutamide, 744
Electrochemical gradient, 231b 148–149. See also specific types Enzyme(s), 21. See also specific enzymes
Electrophysiology, 228–233 Endogenous opioid peptides, 554, 554t Enzyme genetic variations, 75–82
Electrostatic bonds, 4 Endometriosis, 677 glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase,
Eletriptan, 291t, 296t Endometrium, 724 81–82, 82t
Elimination, 7. See also Clearance (CL) Endorphins, 554, 554t phase I enzymes in, 75–78, 76t–77t,
capacity-limited, 45–46 Endothelial-derived relaxing factor 79t–80t
first-pass, 47–48 (EDRF), 339 phase II enzymes in, 76t, 79t, 81
flow-dependent, 46 Endothelin inhibitors, 312 Enzyme induction
models of, 45f Endothelin receptors (ET A , ET B ), 311 in cytochrome P450 system, 59, 62t–63t
rate of, 45 Endothelins, 311–312 drugs in, 70, 71t
time course of, 46f actions of, 311f, 311–312 Enzyme inhibition
Elimination enhancement, for poisoned biosynthesis, structure, and clearance of, in cytochrome P450 system, 59–61,
patient 311 62t–63t
dialysis, 1039t, 1040 physiologic and pathologic roles of, 312 drugs in, 71t, 71–72
forced diuresis, 1040 Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing Ephedra, 1133t
urinary pH manipulation, 1040 factors, 326 Ephedrine, 144f, 150
Elixirs, 1054 Endotracheal intubation, neuromuscular asthma treated with, 350–351
Eloctate, 621 blockers for, 484–485 noradrenergic transmitter release by, 95
Elotuzumab, 992 Enflurane, 441–449. See also Anesthetics, structure of, 144f
Eltrombopag, 602t, 604–605, 606t inhaled Epidemiologic studies
Eluxadoline, 1100 properties of, 443t analytic, 15b
Elvitegravir, 871t, 883 structure of, 443f case-control, 15b
Emergency contraceptives, 1125t Enfuvirtide, 872t, 882 cohort, 15b
Emergency trauma surgery, muscle relaxant Enkephalins, 92t, 554, 554t Epidermal growth factor (EGF), 27–28,
for, 491 Enoxacin, 838 28f
Emesis Enoxaparin, 612–616. See also Heparin Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor,
pathophysiology of, 1103, 1104f Entacapone 28, 28f
toxin elimination through, 1040 parkinsonism treated with, 500, 508t Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
Emetine, 929t, 931 structure of, 495f inhibitors, 966t, 967–968
EMLA, 471. See also Anesthetics, local Entecavir, 886 Epidophyllotoxins, 962t, 964
Empagliflozin, 272t, 763 Enteric nervous system (ENS), 91f, 91–92 Epilepsy (Seizures)
Empiric therapy, antimicrobial, 905–906, nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons case study on, 409, 439
907t–909t in, 99 drug development for, 409–410, 412f
approach to, 905 physiology of, 1096–1097, 1097f drugs for
choice of, 905–906 Enteric oxaluria, 789 acetazolamide, 432
microbiology etiology in, 907t–908t Enterochromaffin cells, 285 benzodiazepines, 432
site of infection in, 909t Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, 1088, seizures, 309–439. See also Antiseizure
Emtricitabine, 871t, 875 1088f drugs
Enalapril. See also Angiotensin-converting Entresto, 222, 310 status epilepticus, 432–433
enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) Entry inhibitors, 882–883 prevalence of, 409
case study of, 300 enfuvirtide, 872t, 882 seizure classification in, 409, 410t
chronic heart failure treated with, 222, fundamentals of, 882 Epinephrine
224t maraviroc, 872t, 882–883 biosynthesis of, 97f
hypertension treated with, 187–188 Environmental factors cardiovascular responses to, 146t
immediate effects of, 48–49, 49f cancer from, 948 functions of, 146f, 146t, 148
on renin-angiotensin system, 305 in drug metabolism, 70 metabolism of, 96–97, 98f
on vasoactive peptides, 316t Environmental pollutants, 1014–1017 structure of, 144f