Page 322 - parasitology for medical and clinical laboratoryprofessionals

302 GLOSSARY

expectorated due to various infectious diseases, including professionals and symptoms (subjective) that are reported by
certain parasites, of the air passages. an individual.
St. Louis encephalitis The disease caused by the mosquito
is a form of encephalitis virus is related to Japanese encephali- T
tis virus. This disease mainly affects the United States and less
frequently Canada and Mexico. Tabanid flies The bloodsucking dipterous flies of the family
Stoma Mouth-like opening of certain protozoa (the term Tabanidae, including horseflies, that are involved in transmis-
–stoma means “mouth”). sion of several bloodborne parasites.
Stramenopiles Kingdom for protists of this group have fla- Tachycardia Rapid cardiac rate of well over 100 beats per
gella with fine hairlike projections and motile reproductive cells minute.
are flagellated. The organism is neither a yeast nor a protozoan Taenia tapeworms Taenia is a genus of tapeworm including
and is now found in a new kingdom known as the Strameno- medical and economically important parasites of humans and
piles, which include algae, mildew, diatoms; was responsible for livestock. The most important representatives from the genus
the Irish potato famine and the organism responsible for sud- Taenia are T. solium (pig tapeworm) and T. saginata (beef
den oak death disease. tapeworm).
Stratum corneum Outermost horny and keratin-rich layer Talmud Record of Jewish law, ethics, history, and customs
of the epidermis. which outline rabbinic laws restricting certain practices, such
Stratum germinativum Layer of epidermis in which divi- as eating certain meats.
sion of cells occurs leading to the formation of new skin. Tapeworm Narrow, segmented worm of the class Cestoda.
Striated skeletal muscle Muscles with fibers that are divided Taxonomy Science of classification according to morphology
by transverse bands into striations; such muscles are voluntary and ecological niches occupied by specific organisms.
and serve primarily to make gross motor movements of the body. Tenesmus The term describes the constant feeling of the
Strobila Proglottids or segmented main body part of the adult need to defecate along with pain and cramping that may ac-
tapeworm. company inflammatory diseases of the intestinal tract.
Strongyloidiasis Infection with the roundworm called Teres Term related to muscle shapes, such as the anatomical
Strongyloides stercoralis. feature of being round and long.
Subcutaneous Layer of skin lying beneath the horny, outer Tetracycline Bacteriostatic antibiotic used for several para-
layer of skin called the epidermis. sitic species, including C. trachomatis.
Subcutaneous filariasis The condition of filariasis is di- Tetrachloroehtylene Liquid used some exclusively years
vided into three groups according to the organs occupied ago as an anthelmintic medication has now been replaced safer
(i.e., lymphatic, subcutaneous, and serous cavity filariasis). and more effective drugs.
Subcutaneous filariasis is caused by Loa loa (the African Tetrad Term most commonly identifies a group or set of four;
eye worm), Mansonella streptocerca, Onchocerca volvulus, in biology often refers to division within a spore mother cell
and Drancuculus medinensis (guinea worm). These worms during meiosis as in Babesia sp. reproduction.
occupy the subcutaneous layer of the skin or the fatty layer. Tetraethylene Refers to a molecular arrangement of four
Subphylum A taxonomic category that occurs between a functional groups.
phylum and a class. Thin smear For laboratory diagnosis of malaria, both thin and
Suckers Anatomic structure on the mouthparts of parasites thick blood smears are stained for microscopic examination.
that enable stronger attachment to a host. Thoracic The thoracic cavity is the chest cavity of the human
Sudden oak death disease Caused by organisms of the body containing the lungs and the heart.
kingdom Stramenopiles. Threadworms The filaria of Strongyloides stercoralis are
Supernatant The term for the liquid portion lying above a called threadworms, but less often and not exclusively, the
layer of precipitated and insoluble material. worms of Enterobius vermicularis are also called threadworms
Surra A condition affecting mostly camels and horses and is or seatworms.
caused by Trypanosoma evansi through the bites of flies. Thready pulse Arterial pulse, that when palpated, is fine and
Swimmer’s itch A number of organisms may be responsible barely perceptible.
for the condition as an itchy rash or dermatitis caused whose Thrombocytopenia Decrease in the absolute platelet
hosts are waterfowl and freshwater snails. Names ascribed to (thrombocyte) count in the blood.
this condition are duck itch, cercarial dermatitis, and schisto- Thymol Synthetic or natural thyme oil useful in antibac-
some cercarial dermatitis, which is usually a short-lived im- terial and antifungal treatments that is also used as an over-
mune reaction of the human skin. the-counter preparations for treatment of hemorrhoids, acne,
Symbiosis A parasitic relationship between two or more dif- and tinea pedis (athlete’s foot). It may be used as a stabilizer
ferent organisms that may but do not always benefit each of the preservative in some preparations.
members. Tick typhus Any of several tick-borne rickettsial dis-
Syndrome Refers to the association of a number of clini- eases identified as the typhus group (vs. spotted group) of
cally identifiable features such as signs observed by medical R. prowazekii, R. typhi, and R. Canada.