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Corruption of Bribery

                                      Chapter 6 : Corruption in the “Carbon World”


               Infrared Far           25(40) to 350   trapped by carbon dioxide
               Microwave
               Radio
                                                        Long Wave

               Table 5: Wavelengths of Emissions from the Sun

               The hotter the radiative source, the shorter the waves become. Thus those radiated by the sun
               are shorter than those emitted by the Earth.













               Figure 6. 14: Infrared Emissions from the Sun and Earth

               Radiative equilibrium or radiative exchange equilibrium measures the Earth’s  balance of energy
               gained through absorption of short wave radiation from the Sun and emitted long wave
               radiation.  It is a massively complex equation involving the atmosphere, hydrosphere, land
               masses, cryosphere (Ice) and biota that is difficult, if not impossible, to replicate with global
               climate models. Radiative forcing is defined as:


               "the change in net irradiance at atmospheric boundaries expressed as the difference between the incoming and
               outgoing energy rated in Watts per square meter". Human caused forcing is estimated to be around 0.3 Watts/M
                                                                                                        2
               whereas minor changes in the sun’s emissions add 3 Watts/M : ten times the amount
                                                                2
               Climatologists seem to agree that infrared frequencies are absorbed or reflected differently in
               the atmosphere and that the longer waves emitted by the earth (in the range of 8 to 14
               micormeters) are trapped, resulting in the so called greenhouse effect.










                                               2
               Figure 6. 15: Infrared Frequencies and CO  Effects
               The above diagram shows that water vapour and  carbon dioxide absorb  different infrared frequencies meaning that
               some radiations will pass through clouds but not through carbon dioxide layers.
                           There is 50 times more carbon dioxide absorbed in the oceans than in the atmosphere

               What climatologists do not agree on, however, is the scale of carbon dioxide accumulation at the
               tropospheric level and its effect on temperature.


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