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            JWST499-c05
                        JWST499-Cetinkunt
                                                       ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS FOR MECHATRONIC SYSTEMS  313
                                     D     Q               D   E/CLK Q   Q
                                                           0    0   No change
                                                           0    1    0   1
                                                           1    0   No change
                                      E/CLK  Q             1    1    1   0
                                     D  Flip-flop



                                     S     Q               S    R    Q   Q
                                                           0    0   No change
                                                           1    0    1   0
                                                           0    1    0   1
                                     R     Q               1    1   Not allowed
                                    RS  Flip-flop



                                     J     Q                J   K   CLK   Q  Q
                                                           0    0        No change
                                     CLK                   1    0         1   0
                                                           0    1         0   1
                                     K      Q              1    1         Toggle
                                     JK Flip-flop
                             FIGURE 5.46: Flip-flops: D-type, RS-type, JK-type.



                                D n-1                  Q n-1
                                              D    Q
                                              E    Q

                                D                      Q
                                 n-2                    n-2
                                              D    Q
                                              E    Q

                                D n-3                  Q n-3
                                              D    Q

                                              E    Q

                                                .
                                                .             FIGURE 5.47: n-bit data latch buffer using n-set of
                                                .             D-type flip-flops for data input and output between
                                D 0                    Q 0    a digital computer bus and I/O devices. Data is
                                              D    Q                             … D   ), and then the
                                                              placed in the data bus (D 0  n−1
                                                              E-line is pulsed to latch the data in the D-flip flops.
                                              E    Q          After that, the changes in the data bus do not affect
                                E                             the output of the D-flip flops (latched data) until a
                                                              new pulse in the E-line.
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