Page 86 - Election Book-ENG

processes, particularly in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Heo
and Sigolchonbu cited cases where machine counts and manual
recounts di$ered by 20–30%, suggesting that approximately 3.1
million—or 10.8%—of votes nationwide were fraudulent. This
manipulation significantly impacted election results, including
vote shares and parliamentary seat distribution.

Regional Concentration and Patterns in Early Voting

!eir analysis showed that fraud was concentrated in regions like
Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, while areas like Gwangju showed
no irregularities. Patterns suggesting manipulation included
unusually high numbers of votes cast in short intervals during
early voting. Allegations of ballot stuffing or removal further
highlighted potential misconduct.

Proposals for Transparency and Fraud Prevention

To restore electoral fairness, Heo and Sigolchonbu proposed the
following measures:

•
Establishing independent oversight bodies to monitor
voting machine operations.

•
Publicly releasing vote-counting software for transparency
and enhancing its security.

•
Installing CCTV systems and implementing real-time
monitoring during early voting to ensure the integrity of

86 Election Fraud in South Korea: Documenting the Truth