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¯· „¯Ó ˙·˜Ú· ‰˙˘‰ ‰Ê ·ˆÓ ͇ 29,χ¯˘È-ı¯‡ ˙ÈÈÒÂÏ· ·Â¯ ÌȄ‰ȉ Âȉ
ÈÙÏ ı¯‡‰ ÈÒÂÏ· Ï˘ ËÏÁÂÓ‰ ¯ÙÒÓ‰ ÏÚ „ÂÓÚÏ ¯˘Ù‡-ȇ˘ ÈÙ ÏÚ Û‡ .‡·ÎÂÎ
˙Â˙„‰ È· ÔÈ· ÌÈȯÙÒÓ‰ ÌÈÒÁȉ ÏÚ Ô΢ ÏÎ ,ԉȯÁ‡Ï ÌȄ‰ȉ ˙Â„È¯Ó È˙˘
.χ¯˘È-ı¯‡· ËÂÚÈÓÏ ÌȄ‰ȉ ¢Ú 135 ˙˘Ó ÈÎ ‰Á‰‰ ˙Ï·Â˜Ó ,˙Â¢‰
¯Âʇ· ˙ÂÁÙÏ ,Ô¯Á‡‰ ¯Â„· ÂÙÒ‡˘ ÌȇˆÓÓ‰ ÔÓ ˙¯ÈÈˈӉ ˙È‚ÂÏ‡ί‡‰ ‰ÂÓ˙‰
¯· „¯ÓÏ ‰ÂÂÏ˘ ‰˘˜‰ .Ô·¯ÂÁ‰ ÏÚ ‰ÚËÏ Û˜Â˙ ˙˙Â ȄÓÏ ‰¯Â¯· ,‰„‰È
‰ÙÓ‰Ó „¯Ó‰ ˙ÂÚ·ËÓ ‡ˆÓÓÓ ,„¯Ó‰ ÈÙÏ ÌÈȄ‰ȉ ÌÈ·Â˘Èȉ ˙Ò¯Ù˙Ó .‡·ÎÂÎ
ÏÏÂÁ˙‰ ·˘ ¯Âʇ‰ ˙‡ ÌÈ„Á‡ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ ¯Ȅ‚‰ ,¯Â˙ÒÓ‰ ˙ÂίÚÓ Ï˘ ˙΄ÂÚÓ‰
¯ˆ·Ó „Ú ·¯ÚÓ-ÔÂÙˆ· ÒȯËÙÈË‡Ó :‰˘˜ Ò¯‰Ó ¯˙ÂÈ· Ï·Ò˘ ·Á¯Ó‰ ˙‡ Ì‚Â „¯Ó‰
¯Âʇ 30.·¯ÚÓ-̯„· ‰„Â‰È ˙ÏÙ˘ „Ú Á¯ÊÓ-̯„· „¯ÚÓ ;Á¯ÊÓ-ÔÂÙˆ· ÔÂȯ„ÒÎχ
‰ÈÈÒÂÏ·‰ Ï˘ ‰·Â¯ ·Â¯ · ‰Êί˙‰ ÔÈÈ„Ú ‰ÈÈ˘‰ ‰‡Ó‰ ˙È˘‡¯· ‰‡¯‰ ÏÎ΢ ,‰Ê
·˘Â ȄÓÏ Í¯‡ ÔÓÊ ˜¯ÙÏ ˘Ë ‡Â‰ .‰˘˜ ‰ÓÂωÓÓ Ï·Ò ,χ¯˘È-ı¯‡· ˙Ȅ‰ȉ

.ÌÈÏÈχ ˙„·ÂÚ ‰ÈÈÒÂÏ· ‰‡¯Î ,˙¯Á‡ ‰ÈÈÒÂÏ· È„È ÏÚ ,ÍÎ ¯Á‡ ˜¯ ˘„ÁÓ
Âȉ Ì˘ ,‰„Â‰È ¯Âʇ· ˙¯ÈÈˈӉ ˙ÈÚÓ˘Ó-„Á‰ ‰ÂÓ˙‰ ˙ÓÂÚÏ ÈÎ ˘È‚„‰Ï ·Â˘Á
Ï˘ Â˙ÂÒ¯Ù˙‰ ˙χ˘ ‰È„ ‰¯Â¯· ‡Ï ,˙ÂÈÚÓ˘Ó-„Á ˙¯¯· ‡·ÎÂÎ ¯· „¯Ó ˙‡ˆÂ˙
ÔÏ‚‰Â ÏÈÏ‚‰ È„Â‰È Ì‚ ̇‰ ,Ï˘ÓÏ .ı¯‡‰ Ï˘ ÌȯÁ‡‰ ‰È¯Âʇ ÏÚ Â˙ÚÙ˘‰Â „¯Ó‰
‡ˆÓÓ 31,¯Â˙ÒÓ ˙ÂίÚÓ Â‡ˆÓ ÈÁ¯ÊÓ‰ ÏÈÏ‚· Ì‚˘ ÈÙ ÏÚ Û‡ ?„¯Ó· ÂÙ˙˙˘‰
‰Î „Ú ,‰„Â‰È ¯Âʇ· „¯Ó‰ ˙Ò¯Ù˙ ÏÚ ‰„ÈÓÚÏ ·Â˘Á ÔÓÒ Ìȯ˜ÂÁ‰ È„È· ˘Ó˘Ó‰
‰ÏÈÚÙ ˙ÂÙ˙˙˘‰ ÏÚ „ÈÚ‰Ï ÌÈÏÂÎȉ ÌȇˆÓÓ ÔÏ‚· ‡Ï Ì‚Â ÏÈÏ‚· ‡Ï ÂÏ‚˙ ‡Ï
·Â˘Èȉ ˙¯ÓÏ ,¯˜ÁÓ· ˙Ϸ˜Ӊ ‰Á‰‰ ÈÙÏ ,ÍÎÈÙÏ .„¯Ó· ¯Âʇ‰ È·˘Â˙ Ï˘
ÌÈÓÎÁ‰ ˙¯È‚‰ 32.„¯Ó· ÂÙ˙˙˘‰ ‡Ï ÂÈ·˘Â˙ ,ı¯‡‰ ÔÂÙˆ· ˙ÈÒÁÈ ÛÂÙˆ‰ Ȅ‰ȉ
˙Â„Ú ÔΠ,Ï"ÊÁ ˙¯ÙÒ· ‰·Á¯‰· ÌÈ„ÚÂ˙Ó‰ ,ÏÈÏ‚Ï ‰„‰ÈÓ Ôȯ„‰Ò‰ Ï˘ ‰¯·ÚÓÂ
¯·˘Ó‰ ÈÎ ‰ÚËÏ ÒÂÒÈ·‰ ¯˜ÈÚ Ì‰ ,¯ÂÊ‡Ï ˙Âȇ„‰ȉ ‰‰Ή ˙Â¯Ó˘Ó ¯·ÚÓ ÏÚ

;25–21 'ÓÚ ,‡"Ó˘˙ ,‰ÂÈ È·‡ ÔΠ.214–182 'ÓÚ ,„"Ó˘˙ ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È ,ÌÈ˘„Á Ìȯ˜ÁÓ 29
.„"Ó˘˙ ,ı¯Â¢ ;„"˘˙ ,ȇ¯ÙÒ '˘ 30

.111–109 'ÓÚ ,1985 ,¯‰ Ï˘ Â˙ίډ ˙‡ ‡¯ 31
A. Kloner and B. Zissu, ‘Hiding Compelxes in Judaea: An Archaeological ‡¯ ÂÊ ˙Ò¯Ù˙ ÏÚ 32

and Geographical Update on the Area of the Bar Kokhba Revolt’, P. Scha¨fer, The Bar Kokhba
War Reconsidered: New Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt Against Rome, Tu¨bingen

2003, pp. 181–216
Y. Shacher, ‘The Underground Hideouts in galilee and Their Historical Meaning’, P. Scha¨fer

(ed.), ibid., pp. 217–240

‡¯ ‰Ê ÔÈÈÚ· ,ÈÁ¯ÊÓ‰ ÏÈÏ‚· ¯˜Ò‰ ·Á¯Ó· „Á‡ ·Â˘ÈÈ ÂÏ ˘Ë ‡Ï ‰ÈÈ˘‰ ‰‡Ó‰ Íωӷ
ÂÊ ‰˜ÒÓÏ .187–186 'ÓÚ ,Â"Ò˘˙ ,„„ Ô· ‡¯ ÔÂ˙Á˙‰ ÔÏ‚‰ ÏÚ .366 'ÓÚ ,„"Ò˘˙ ,¯·ÈÏ
M. Mor, ‘The Geographical Scope of the Bar-Kokhba Revolt’, P. Scha¨fer (ed.), ,¯ÂÓ Ì‚ ÚÈ‚Ó

ibid., pp. 127–129

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