Page 62 - Pharmaceutics IV (02-06-01305)

Parenterals: Excipients & additives

Water used in parenterals

Bacteriostatic water for injection (BWFI)
• Preparation and requirements:

➢ It is sterile water for injection containing one or more suitable
antimicrobial agents.

➢ It is packaged in containers not more than 30 mL, to prevent the
administration of a large quantity of a bacteriostatic agent

➢ The container label must state the names and proportions of the
antimicrobial agents used

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Parenterals: Excipients & additives

Nonaqueous vehicles

Water-miscible solvents
• Water-miscible cosolvents are widely used in parenterals to enhance

drug solubility (cosolvents) and to serve as stabilizers.
• Common examples include glycerin, ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol,

and polyethylene glycol 300.
• Concentrations range from 1–50%.

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Salma E. EL-Habashy