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The last stage is to evaluate (evaluation) in the form of formative and summative
evaluations. The evaluation that occurs at each of the four stages above is called a

formative evaluation, because its purpose is for revision needs. Summative

evaluation is carried out at the end of the program to find out its effect on the

mastery of student concepts. Summative evaluation is carried out by providing a
posttest to find out the understanding of learners' concepts on digestive system

materials after using a flipbook type e-module based on case studies. .

Here is the ADDIE development model presented in figure 3.1

Figure 3.1 ADDIE Development Model (Branch, 2009).

3.4 Research Design

This research design uses pre-experimental design One Group Pretest and Posttest

design. Before the learning activity is carried out first the sample is given a Pretest

(initial test) and the end of learning is given a posttest (final test) so that the results
can be known more accurately, because it can compare the circumstances before

being treated and after being treated. The research was conducted on an

experimental class that was sampled in the study without a comparison class. In the

design of one-group pretest-postttest single sample group given pretest / initial (O1)