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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻍﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﺗﺰﻭﺩﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻻﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫‪,‬ﺃﺭﺎﻳﻥ«ﻧﻘﻻ ﻋﻦ »ﺃﺭﻮﻄﺳ ﺑﻮﻟﺲ« ﺃﺣﺪ ﻗﺎﺩﺓ »ﺍﻹﺪﻨﻜﺳﺭ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ« ﻣﺎ ﺃﺧﺒﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪,‬ﺍﻻﺪﻨﻜﺳﺭ« ﻣﻦ »ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻘﻄﻌﻬﺎ ﺳﻔﻴﻨﺔ ﺗﺠﺮﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺢ‬
‫ﺯﻫﺎﺀ ﻣﺪﺓ ﻳﻮﻡ ﻭﻟﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺎﺗ(ﻮﻠﻳﺱ‪ 3)suTly،‬ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺒﻖ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻧﺮﺟﺢ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺷﻬﺮﺓ‪ 2‬ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ‬

‫»ﺩﻥﻮﻤﻟ«‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻠﻌﺔ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻚ »ﺮﺳﻮﺟﻥ ﺍﻷﺷﻮﺭ(ﻱ«‪ 705 127‬ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ) ﻑ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺗﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺪﺤﺘﻳﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ » ﺇﻳﺖﺎﻴﺑﻛﻴﻦ‪،‬؟ )‪ -Bit la3) kin‬ﻗﻮﻟﻪ » ﺑﻴﺖ ﺇﻳﺎﻛﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺮ (ﻮﻫ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﺃﺷﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ)‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺟﻌﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺣﻜﻢ ﻣﻮﺣﺪ ﻭﺿﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺒﻻﺩ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻮﺭ«ﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ »ﺖﻴﺑ ﺃﻳﺎﻛﻴﻦ« ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺿﻤﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ »ﺎﺑﻞﺑ«ﺧﻻﻝ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻗﺼﻴﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ »ﺎﺑﻞﺑ« ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺃأﻃﺍﻑ‬
‫»ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﺪ ﻭﻗﻌﺖ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻷﻟأﻃﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺻﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻤﻠﻜﺘﻴﻦ ﻣﻢ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻨﺎ ﻧﻘﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﺻﻻ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﺘﻴﻦ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻳﺸﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫»ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃأﻃﺍﻑ ﺃﻫﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻖﻃ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻔﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ‪ 2‬ﺿﻮﺀ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻬﺎ ﺎﻨﻣﻖﻃ‬
‫ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺣﻀﺎﺭﻱ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ 2‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﺻﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻬﻤﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺮ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺘﻪ‬

‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ« ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺎﻜﻠﻴﻓ« ﻛﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﻭﺑﺮﻫﻨﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ‪ 3100 - 3(20‬ﻕ‪.‬ﻡ) ﻭﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻭﺿﺢ ﺧﻻﻝ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻓﺠﺮﺍﻟﺴﻻﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ" ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻤﺪ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﺳﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪ 480‬ﻛﻢ (‪ 403‬ﻞﻴﻣ)‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬

‫‪-٠‬‬ ‫‪٠ ١٠٦ ٠‬‬ ‫‪4‬ﺭ ‪٠‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺎﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺑﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔﺟﺎﻣﻤﺔ ﺑﻘﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺏ]‪984‬‬

‫‪٠ ٠٣‬‬ ‫‪٦٠‬‬ ‫‪٠‬‬ ‫‪،‬ﺱ‪132-131‬‬

‫‪35 . LuckenbillDD (1927) Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonis, ٧ol.II. Chicago. p.36.‬‬
‫‪36 . During CaspersE. C.L 1994) Triangular Stamp Seals from the Arabian Gulf. Once Again. (PSAS)٠ vol.24.‬‬

‫‪Cit. PP.269270-.‬خ‪37. M994) eO.cRp.‬‬