Page 24 - DILMUN 24

‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻍ ﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺃﻭ«ﺃﺭﺽ« ﻓﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ »ﺎﻤﻠﺗ(ﻥ‪ )nTilma ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺰﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺘﻴﻦ »ﻞﺗ« ﻭ»ﺎﻣﻥ« ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﺑﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫»ﻮﻤﻠﺗﻥ(«‪ )nTilma ،‬ﺃﻭ»ﺩﻮﻤﻟ(ﻥ« ‪ ،)niDlma‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ »ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺑﻤﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻌﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺒﻐﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎأﻴﻃ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺱ ﺃﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻒ'!‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺻﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ »ﺪﻟﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃأﻘﻠﻃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺭﺽ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ »ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ‪, ،،‬ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻮﺭ«ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺸﺮﻕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ«‪» ،‬ﺃﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻗﺪﺍﺭ ﻴﻘﻨﻟﺍﺔ‪ ،،‬ﺍﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ«‪» ،‬ﺃﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻷﺑﺪﻳﺔ‪» ،،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮﺓ«‪» ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ‪ ،"،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻍ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺃﻟﻘﺎﺏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ »ﺍﺎﻜﻤﻟﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻄﻦ ﺍﻵﻟﻬﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺄﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻖ« ﻭ«ﺍﺎﻜﻤﻟﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻒ ﻭ«ﺍﺎﻜﻤﻟﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺍﻕ‪» ،"،‬ﺍﻨﺠﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺪﺳﺔ«‪،‬‬

‫»ﻨﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻭﺱ«‪ ...‬ﺍﻟﻊ‪.22‬‬

‫‪ II‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻣﻦﺧﻻﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪٠‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺖ ‪ 2‬ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ ﺑﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ« ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷرﺛﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺪﺩ ﺑﻜﻮﻧﻬﺎ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻻﺩ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ« ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺰﻳﺮﺓ »ﺎﻜﻠﻴﻓ‪ ،‬ﻍ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ@‪ ،2‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺷﻤﺎﻻ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺿﻢ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻖﻃ‬
‫ﻑ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ«‪ ،‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷأﻃﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔﻷﻫﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕﺷﻤﺎﻻ ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷأﻃﺍﻑ»ﺎﺍﻟﺠﺸﻣﻤﺎﻥﻟﻴﺔ(ﻝ‪ )nagaM‬ﺍﺎﻤﻟﻥ« ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻤﺎ ﻍ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﻭﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﻤﻞ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺷﺮﻗﺎ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺮﺑﺎ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺘﺒﺎﻳﻨﺔ ‪ 2‬ﺃﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ‬

‫‪hTe [sland on hTe Edge ٥fhTe Word. (BTAA)٠p117‬ﺭ‪16. RiceM 1986‬‬
‫‪ hTe Archaeologg of the Arabian Gulf C.5000 323 .B.CLondon.p.89.‬ﺭ‪17. Rice M1994‬‬
‫‪18. RiceM 1986) Op.Cit. p117.‬‬

‫‪ 19.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﺳﻢ ﺎﻛﻮﻧ‪ .‬ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀﺍﻟﺒﻌﺮﻦﻳ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﺦﻳ‪ -‬ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ‪ -‬ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻮﺱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻭﺍﻝﺍﺮﺤﺒﻟﻦﻳ‪ ،‬ﻣ‪.‬ﺠﻠ‪7‬ﺔﻰﺩﻟﻣﻤﻮ‪,‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺪ‪6‬ﺩ‪1985,113- 9.8‬‬

‫‪20. Rice.M (1986) Op.Cit. p.117.‬‬
‫‪ 21.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﺳﻢ ﺎﻛﻮﻧ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ‪ً ،‬ﺹ‪.7‬‬

‫‪ . 22‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﻷﺎﺛﺭ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ ﺑﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑ‪.‬ﻐ‪7‬ﺪﺍﺩ‪.‬ﻡ‪1980.5‬‬

‫‪ Dilmun and Its Gulf Neighbour.s cambridage . p.5.‬ﺭ‪23. Crawford.H (1998‬‬

‫‪ . 24‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻬﺎ(ﺷﻤﻲ‪ ،)289،1‬ﺍﻟﻌﻻﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻀﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺮﻣ‪.46‬‬