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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻍﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ‪ 2‬ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ 2‬ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﻳﺮﺩ ﺍﺳﻢ »ﺩﻥﻮﻤﻟ« ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻊ ﻋﻻﻣﺔ ﺗﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻻﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻊ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺪﻥ »ﻮﺳﺮﻣ«‬
‫ﻭ«ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ« ﺳﺒﻘﺖ ﺃﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺧﻻﻝ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ ﺇﻥ ﻟﻢ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺫﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺘﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ؟ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ »ﺪﻟﻥﻮﻤﻟ« ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻰ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ (ﺍﺮﻈﻧ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻓﻖ)‪.‬‬

‫‪ ,a‬ﻡ‪0 ]g‬‬

‫‪s‬ﻱ ‪y)4‬‬

‫ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻻﻣﺎﺕﻻﺳﻢ ﺩﻟﻤﻮﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻭﻝ ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1‬ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺟﻤﺪﺓ ﻧﺼﺮ ﻭﺃﻭﺭﻭﻙ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺭﺷﻴﻒ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﺭ‬

‫‪ 3‬ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺭﺷﻴﻒ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﺍ (ﺮﺷﻭﺎﺑﻙ)‬
‫‪ 2 4‬ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﻟﺼﻻ ﺑﻴﺦ ﻭﻑ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔﺇﺑﻻ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺫﻛﺮﺕ »ﺩﻥﻮﻤﻟ« ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ‪ 2‬ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺧﻻﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻻﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﻉﻣﺮﺍﺳﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻤﻮﻧﻴﻴﻦ ﺃﻧﻔﺴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﺇﻟﻰﻭﻛﻻﺋﻬﻢ ‪2‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻥ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻛﺮ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ«ﻍ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻠﻤﺣﺔ ﻋﻻﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ »ﺪﺑﻮﻤﻟﻥ«‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﻘﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻻﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻗﺮﺃﺕ »ﻮ(ﻤﻠﺗﻥ‪ ،)iTilmun ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﺢ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻨﻲ‬
‫»ﻻﺒﻟﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‪،‬ﺍﺎﻄﻟﺮﻫﺓ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻴﻦ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﺷﺘﻘﺎﻕ ﺍﺳﻢ »ﺩﻮﻤﻟﻥ«‬
‫ﺃﻭ«ﻮﻤﻠﺗﻥ« ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ﺫﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻳﺸﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺓ »ﺍﺪﻨﻬﻟﻳﺔ«‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ »ﻞﻴﺗ«‪ )liT(،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ »ﻲﻘﻧ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ»أﻃﺮﻫ« ﺃﻭ»ﻒﻴﻈﻧ«‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ »ﺎ(ﻣﻥ«‪ )naM‬ﻑ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‪» ،‬ﻻﺑﺩ«‬

‫ﻡ‪14. CormwallPB (1952)Two Letters from Dilmun, (JCS) , ٧ol.6, No.4٠14.3.‬‬
‫‪5 . ThaparR (١975) A possible ldentiication of Meluhha, Dilmun and Makan (JESHO), vol.18, part.1,‬‬
‫‪pp2- 36.‬‬

‫ﺙ‪،‬‬