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‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺸﻔﺔ ﻍﺑﻻﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﺪﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻍ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺘﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺜﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻹ‬
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‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮأﺒﻃﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪ 2‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺮﻃﺎﻬﻗ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ(‪ )ED.l‬ﺑﺎﻭﻟﺴﻮ(ﻣﺮﻳﺔ‪ )ures M‬ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰﻳﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﻮﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺯﻫﺎﺭ ﻭﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ(ﺍﻟﻜﺰﺑ‪5‬ﺮﺓ‪ )UL.E‬ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﻣﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭ(‪ )uibrrksiti i‬ﺑﺎﻷﻛﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺸﻔﺖ ﺃﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺮأﺒﻃﺕ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻧﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺨﺸﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻥ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻧﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺎﻬﻟ& ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺨﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻳﺴﻦﻻﺭﺳﺎ‪ .28‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻏﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺟﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺶﺠﻟ‪ .20‬ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺔأأﻃ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻓﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺭﻭﺍﺟﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻋﺎﺋﻻﺗﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﺿﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﻢ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺞ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬ﺭ‪82 . Rosemayr E (1984) Methods of Food Preparation in Mesopotamia (C. 3000600-) B.C. (JESHO‬‬

‫‪vol. 27. Part1٠ p.89, 91.‬‬

‫‪ ٠ 83‬ﻓﻮﺯﻱ ﺭﺷﻴﺪ‪499(،‬ﺇ)‪ .‬ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﻮﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﺪﺼﻣﺭ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪،‬ﻡ‪ 86-66‬ﻭﻦﻣ ﻧﻻﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻷﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﻟﺠﺶ ﺩﻭﻧﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺣﻠﻢ ‪ 4‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﺘﺒﻴﻦ‬

‫ﺃﻥ ﺍﺞﻠﻌﻟ (ﺍﺎﻤﻟﺀ ﺍﺞﻠﺜﻟ) ﺎﻛﻥ ﺮﻌﻣﻭﺎﻓ ‪ 2‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻭﺍﺺﻨﻟ ﻮﻫ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻷﻣﻴﺮ (ﻮﺟﺩﺎﻳ) ﻗﺪ ﺩﺧﻞ ﺇﻰﻟ ﺍﻹﻟﻬﺔ ﻛﺒﺎﺗﻮﻣﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪﻡ ﻣﺎﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﺠﺎ‬

‫‪Ensi-ke4dGa-tum-Du10 5e Bi-tag A-sed٦‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﻟﻬﺔ ﺎﺟﻮﺗﻭﺪﻣ ﺍﻷﺮﻴﻣ‬ ‫ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﻰﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻩ ﻣﺜﻠﺠﺎ‬

‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺎﺷﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺪﻗﻡ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﺎﻤﻌﺘﺳﻝ ﺎﻜﺣﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﺪﻘﻟﻢﻳ ﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺮﺘﻓﺓﺳﻻﻟﺔ ﻟﺠﺶ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﻭﺃﻣﺮﺍﺀ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻕ ﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﺞﻠﺜﻟ ﻭﺰﺧﻪﻧ‪ 2‬ﺍﻪﺒﺘﻨﻳ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻧﻪﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺤﺮ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺃﻢﻫ ﺬﻫﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺭﺩﺕ ﺭﻗﻴﻢ ﻃﻴﻨﻲ ﻋﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪ ±‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺗﻞﺍﺮﻟﺎﻳﺡ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫ﺮﻔﻤﻠﺗ» ﺎﻤﺷﻝ ﺍﺮﻌﻟﺍﻕ ﺑﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻢﺳ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﻗﺪﻳﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ((ﺎﺟﺭﺍﺎﻧ‪ )ana)Jar‬ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻴﻢ ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﻤﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻛﻢ ﺗﻞ ﺍﺮﻟﺎﻣﺡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺯﻭﻪﺟ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺔﻨﻃ‬

‫‪ ±‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺎﻄﻗﺭﺍ ﻮﻨﺟﺏ ﺗﻠﻌﻔﺮ‪ .‬ﺟﺎﺀ ﺎﻬﻴﻓ‪:‬‬

‫ﻞﻗ‪ ٠‬ﺇﻰﻟ ﺍﻳﻠﺘﺎﻲﻧ‪ :‬ﺬﻜﻫﺍ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻗﺒﺎﺧﻮ‪ :‬ﺩﻋﻴﻬﻢ ﻳﻔﺤﻮﺍ ﺰﻣﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺎﻄﺷﺭﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﻟﻬﺔ ﻭﺃﻧﺚﻭﺑﻴﻻﺳﻮﻧﻮ‪ .‬ﺍﺷﺮﺑﻮﺍ ﺎﺑﺎﻈﺘﻧﻡ ﻭﺗﺄﻛﺪﻱﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﻣﻬﺮﻭﺱ ﺟﻴﺪﺍﺀ‬

‫ﻭﻣﻦﻻﺧﻝ ﻓﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺃﺧﺮﻯﻻﺣﻘﺔ" ﻣﺪﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ‪ ±‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺎﻣﻱﺭ ﻭﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺮﺒﺗﺎﻗ (ﻞﺗ ﺎﺸﻋﺭﺍ) ﺑﺴﻮﺭﻳﺎﻓﻀﻻ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺮﺧﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺨﺰﻥﻓﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺗﺤﺖ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺮﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﻲﺑ ﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺑﻞ ﺃﻱ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺠﻨﺎﺋﻦﺍﻘﻠﻌﻤﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻦﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺰﻥ ﻟﻠﺜﻠﺞﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺩ ﻛﻘﺮﺑﺎﻥﻟﻷﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﻭﺍﺮﻴﺘﺳﺍﺩﻩ ﺇﻰﻟ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺎﻗﻂﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﺣﺘﻰﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﺎﻛﻥ ﺐﻠﺠﻳ& ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺍﻕﺧﻻﻝ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺘﺎﺀﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻮﻘﻟﺍﺭﺏ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻟﺤﻤﻴﺮ ﺇﻰﻟ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﺮﺳﻮﻭﻟﻜﺜﺮ ﻟﺠﺶﻭﺑﺎﺑﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‪±‬ﺍﻷﺭﺑﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺨﻤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺼﺮﻡ ﺎﻛﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ ﻳﺒﻴﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻠﺞ& ﺑﻘﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﻠﺒﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺔﻘﻄﻨﻤﻟ‬

‫‪706.6‬‬ ‫ﺍﺎﻤﺸﻟﺔﻴﻟ ﺍﺮﺸﻟﺔﻴﻗ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﺮﻈﻧ‪ :‬ﻓﻮﺯﻱ ﺭﺷﻴﺪﺍﻷﺮﻴﻣ ﻛﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ‪ 6-‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺮﺤﻟﺔﻳ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‪ .‬ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺭ ‪.‬ﻣ‪4‬ﻰ‪، .9‬ﻡ‪19‬‬