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change in media capabilities has resulted in regional changes. Although the
development of textbooks and other learning aids (printing technology)

preceded films, the appearance of films is a milestone in the audio-visual
movement to the current era of Learning Technology. In the 1930s, films
began to be used for learning activities (audio-visual technology). Many

types of materials were produced during World War II, especially films for
military training. After the war, television was a new medium for

educational purposes. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, programmatic
learning materials began to be used for learning. Around the 1970s,
computers began to be used for learning, and simulation games became

fashionable in schools. During the 1098s, theory and practice in the field of
computer-based learning developed like mushroom, and around the 1990s,

computer-based integrated multimedia was from this area.
Within the development area, a complex relationship between
technology and theory drives message design and learning strategies. The

area of development occurs because:
a. Content-driven messages
b. theory-driven learning strategies,

c. The physical manifestation of technology – hardware, software,
and learning materials.
c. Use Area

Utilization is the activity of using processes and resources for learning.
The utilization function is essential because it discusses the relationship

between the learner and the learning material or system. Those involved in
utilization have the responsibility to match learners with specific materials
and activities, prepare learners to interact with the selected materials and

activities, guide activities, provide an assessment of the results achieved by
learners, and incorporate them into appropriate organizational procedures.

Sustainable.
The area of utilization may be the area of Learning Technology,
preceding the systematic design and production of instructional media.