Page 38 - Step and repeat document 1

5. The first evidence for fiscal clay sealings from controlled archaeological work,

with them, and they shall be his people. And He, God, shall be with them” (Ἰδοὺ ἡ σκηνὴ
shedding light on the taxation system in Judah during the First Temple period. τοῦ θεοῦ
when he claimed, like Moses, to climb the mountain and see the promised land? Are some of his
17

μετὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων, καὶ σκηνώσει μετʼ αὐτῶν, καὶ αὐτοὶ λαοὶ αὐτοῦ ἔσονται, καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ θεὸς
dreams now slowly becoming reality? Did not Jesus teach his followers to pray: “Thy kingdom
6. Locating the biblical place 'Gan Uza,' where the kings of Judah who were not buried in
μετʼ αὐτῶν ἔσται). Did the author not imagine the End would be a return to the blessed life of the
come on earth”? And were King and Jesus not brutally murdered? How can we learn that such
the tombs of the House of David were interred, at the traditional structure known today
deaths do not diminish hope?
Beginning? Was there a more promising future for early Jews than the time when all sickness and
18
Who has been able to do that? Did not Martin Luther King inherit the apocalyptic imagination
as David's Tomb on Mt. Zion.
evil will cease and God will not need a Temple because, as in Eden, he dwells with his faithful
when he claimed, like Moses, to climb the mountain and see the promised land? Are some of his
19
7. Identification of biblical Nob at the French hill.
people.
Early Jewish descriptions of a celestial or promising place of peace and tranquility define
dreams now slowly becoming reality? Did not Jesus teach his followers to pray: “Thy kingdom
There are many more studies that Barkay has not yet published, and unfortunately, since 2020,
come on earth”? And were King and Jesus not brutally murdered? How can we learn that such
apocalypses, testaments, and psalms. How can we stimulate others to not only read these accounts

he has been suffering from a serious illness that limits his mobility and energy. However, he
deaths do not diminish hope?
but try to feel what the early Jews experienced when they imagined being present to view the
Perceiving a New Creation
has not given up on publishing some of this work with the help of research assistants. A

scene?
The early Jewish testaments are filled with apocalyptic expectations and occasionally receive
noteworthy piece of research, which he has been conducting for many years and will be
Early Jewish descriptions of a celestial or promising place of peace and tranquility define

visions of a new creation. Note the following passage in the Testament of Naphtali:
published in a forthcoming book, is about the Book of Songs of Songs from an archaeological
apocalypses, testaments, and psalms. How can we stimulate others to not only read these accounts
Let us recall that the apocalypses are defined with such vivid experiences as these:

but try to feel what the early Jews experienced when they imagined being present to view the
and historical perspective. In this research, Barkay brings to light evidence that the book was

Command your children that they be in unity with Levi and Judah,
scene?
originally composed during the Iron Age IIA.
Then I stood still, looking at that ancient house being transformed … I went on seeing until

for through Judah will salvation arise for Israel,

An additional forthcoming publication is about the biblical laws of the stranger, the fatherless,
the Lord of the sheep brought about a new house, greater and loftier than the first one, and
and in him will Jacob be blessed.

Let us recall that the apocalypses are defined with such vivid experiences as these:
and the widow in light of ancient Hebrew inscriptions from Jerusalem and its surroundings.
set it up in the first location which had been covered up – all its pillars were new, the

Through his kingly power God will appear …,

columns new; and the ornaments new as well as greater than those of the first … .
Then I stood still, looking at that ancient house being transformed … I went on seeing until
to save the race of Israel,

Summary
the Lord of the sheep brought about a new house, greater and loftier than the first one, and

[1 En 90:28-29; Isaac in OTP 1.91]
and to assemble the righteous from among the nations.

To sum up, Gabriel Barkay can certainly be ranked among the "giants" of archaeology in
set it up in the first location which had been covered up – all its pillars were new, the

[TNaph 8:2-3; Kee in OTP 1.813]

columns new; and the ornaments new as well as greater than those of the first … .
Jerusalem and Israel. His place in this esteemed group is not only due to his extensive
Most readers will comprehend that the New Temple in Jerusalem is being described. The author

[1 En 90:28-29; Isaac in OTP 1.91]

knowledge, numerous publications, and discoveries but also because of his tireless efforts to

of Revelation shared a similar vision some centuries later. A dream, shared by Jews and Christians
The apocalyptic expectation also flows into Psalms and Odes. The author of the Odes of Solomon

Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory

p
l
g
r
to
y
e
t
h
g

e
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em
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Mo
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n
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P
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n
a
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ts
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r
is
g
Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory
g
ar
id
o
u
f
o
o
ae
p
lo
v
Barkay
in
is
it
a
in
bring this heritage to the public through teaching, lecturing, and media appearances. Barkay
in the late first century CE is preserved in Revelation 21:
shares his visit into Paradise:
uw Temple in Jerusalem is being described. The author
Most readers will comprehend that the Ne
em

(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
t Si
n
Mo
f
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Photo:
r
n
g

P
T
le
ti
t
)
ec
o
p
j
believes that archaeology serves as a vital link between the past and the present, and he

of Revelation shared a similar vision some centuries later. A dream, shared by Jews and Christians
embodies this principle through his actions. Even today, despite his severe illness, he does not
Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth; for the first heaven and the first earth had passed
And he took me into his Paradise,
in the late first century CE is preserved in Revelation 21:

ation

icant P
s
S
li
b
ign
Other Significant Publications
Other Significant Publications
if
u
c
away, and the sea was no more.
refuse an invitation to speak, whether it be via an online video broadcast or in person, despite

Wherein is the wealth of the Lord’s pleasure. …
r
a
y
ve
osa

nd include
c
idea
nd prop
not
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
ova
r
publi
va
inn
ti
y
e
that a
Gabi's
ti
a
a
ls
s
ons
man
Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
And I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,
his difficulties in traveling.
Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth; for the first heaven and the first earth had passed

c
ril
ti
x
a
ssocia
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
ha

ons

the e
va
a
y
ted w
necessa
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h
y
it

s
d in.
ve
e
Hi
ll
be
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rc
invol
n
se
a
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
away, and the sea was no more.
On his 80th birthday, we wish Professor Gabriel Barkay good health, strength, and happiness

Then I adored the Lord because of his magnificence.
riod
lem, or
c
e
ppr
e
h a
rusa
of
a
s
F
suc
h on iss
siz
irst
J
e
e
e
ue
max
malist
mpl
a
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
th
P
s
e
adopts
T
i
oa
And I saw the holy city, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or God,
And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying:
in all aspects of his life. We express our deep gratitude for his significant contributions to the

a
a
l
ti
in
rr
c
na
ve
the hist
ica
it
nd h
bibl
y
se
r
, a
of
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pre
the
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onvincing
oric
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
a
r
l
nts
ore

.
manne
ve
prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
“Behold, the home of God is among mortals.
heritage of Jerusalem and the Land of Israel.

And I said, blessed, O Lord, are they
e
rc
a
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ted
c
tt
a
subj
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ude
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Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
is
h
a
re
ti
innovative
re
a
ts
se
that re
Below
som And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying:
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
He will dwell with them as their God;
Who are planted in your land,

thoug
thought: “Behold, the home of God is among mortals.

ht:
thought: they will be his peoples,

And who have a place in your Paradise;
He will dwell with them as their God;
13
13
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d on bur
ron
struc
to re
c
ial da
siz
t t
he
13
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e
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A
lem ba
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on
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ta.
e
1. The
fir
st attempt
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
and God himself will be with them;
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.

they will be his peoples,

ti
it
of
on of
ica
om the
2. Re
loca
e
plac

e

med
summ
2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a
l
to a
na
r
bibl
the
I
l ridg
-
hil
the
Da
vid fr
he will wipe every tear from their eyes.

2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a
and God himself will be with them;

And who grow in the growth of your trees,
14
14
southern and lower area.
southern and lower area.
Death will be no more;
southern and lower area.
14
he will wipe every tear from their eyes.

And have passed from darkness into light

lom
fic
Y
nti
3. Id
b of
rippa
tom
e
s
A

He

g
a
Kin
A
ti
a
mon
on of
the
g
ument of
a
vsha
3. Identification of the monument of Yad Avshalom as the tomb of King Herod Agrippa
d
r
the
od
mourning and crying and pain will be no more,
Death will be no more;
3. Identification of the monument of Yad Avshalom as the tomb of King Herod Agrippa

[OdesSol 11.16-19; Charlesworth in OTP 2.745]
15
15
I.
I.
for the first things have passed away.” [Rev 21:1-4]
mourning and crying and pain will be no more,
15

I.
16
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
16

for the first things have passed away.” [Rev 21:1-4]
The guide is the Lord, not a seer as in the apocalypses. He takes the Odist into Paradise so he can
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.
16

Is it not remarkable that the author claims to see “a new heaven and a new earth” (οὐρανὸν καινὸν
see the blessed ones who have a place in Paradise and are permanently planted like trees.
Is it not remarkable that the author claims to see “a new heaven and a new earth” (οὐρανὸν καινὸν

καὶ γῆν καινήν). Why is there a need for a new heaven? Has it been polluted by the Nephilim, the

καὶ γῆν καινήν). Why is there a need for a new heaven? Has it been polluted by the Nephilim, the
fallen angels, and the betrayal of Satan who was a superior angel serving previously in heaven

See no fallen angels, and the betrayal of Satan who was a superior angel serving previously in heaven
What good is a heaven or Paradise that is infinitely far away and closed to all, both the living and
13

te.
13
.
3
14 beside God? The exceptional apocalyptic vision describes how “I saw the Holy City, the new
See note. 3. 16
14
16
G. B
13 G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of arkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of
See note. 3. The exceptional apocalyptic vision describes how “I saw the Holy City, the new
beside God?
17
G. Barkay (2015). "Evidence of the Taxation System of the Judean Kingdom - A Fiscal Bulla from the Slopes
the “apparently” dead? What good is a Paradise that is inaccessible to all who have lived (cf. LAE).
AncienJerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride for her husband” (τὴν πόλιν
14 Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) t Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of
Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride for her husband” (τὴν πόλιν
of the Temple Mount and the Phenomenon of Fiscal Bullae". in: M. Lubetski and E. Lubetski (Eds.). Recording
According to the author of 2 Baruch, Paradise was only shown to Adam, Abraham, and Moses
τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινὴν εἶδον καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡτοιμασμένην
Me
n
A
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G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient
E
Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
New Epigraphic Evidence: Essays in Honor of Robert Deutsch. Jerusalem. pp 17-50.
τὴν ἁγίαν Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινὴν εἶδον καταβαίνουσαν ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ ἡτοιμασμένην
15 Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
Jerusalem
16 ὡς νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς). Members of the covenant facing martyrdoms and
G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient
G. Barkay (1977). "Towards the problem of locating the Tombs of the last Kings of the House of David". In
18
G. Bark νύμφην κεκοσμημένην τῷ ἀνδρὶ αὐτῆς). Members of the covenant facing martyrdoms
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2). and
ὡς
e
1/

E
E
e
gy
el
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n
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t
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16
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s
.
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)
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s
1996)

ia
a
(
u
n
r
M. Broshi (ed.). Between Hermon and Sinai. Jerusalem. pp. 75-92 (Hebrew).
Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
pp. 23-
16 pp. 23-43. 43.
19
G. Barkay (2018). "Towards the identification of Nob: a biblical priestly town", Eretz Israel: archaeological,
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).

historical and geographical studies 33, pp. 130-131.
pp. 23-43.
16
16
Recall Ezekiel 28:11-17, and Isaiah 14:12-15, and Job 1:7. Satan was once a cherub and a part of the divine council.
Recall Ezekiel 28:11-17, and Isaiah 14:12-15, and Job 1:7. Satan was once a cherub and a part of the divine council.
XXI
10
Other Who has been able to do that? Did not Martin Luther King inherit the apocalyptic imagination persecutions can yet dream that “behold, the dwelling of God is with humans, and he shall tent

Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, June-July 1990. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & αγγε.
pseudepigraphon attempts to defend the sovereignty of God. He is good and trustworthy. Jews ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ· οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὅσα ἀκούσει λαλήσει καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀν
BIBLIOGRAPHY GABRIEL BARKAY

suffering now for their faith shall be ultimately vindicated with salvation and a blessed life. John 16:13).
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. pp. 106-109.
BIBLIOGRAPHY GABRIEL BARKAY
23. Barkay, G. (1994). Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient

*
Another person, in another apocalyptic document, the History of the Rechabites, describes
1. Barkay, G., et al. (1974). Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary the Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pp. 85-106.
Do we not need such hope now? Do we not desperately need someone who “does not speak only
Land of the Blessed Ones. It is an island on which there is only peace, happiness, and concord.
Report) Israel Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184. 24. Barkay, G. (1994). A Second "Governor of the City" Bulla. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient
for himself” (οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ)? More than ever, we need someone who is divinely
pseudepigraphon attempts to defend the sovereignty of God. He is good and trustworthy. Jews
ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ· οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὅσα ἀκούσει λαλήσει καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγε.
1. Barkay, G., et al. (1974). Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pp. 141-144.*
2. Barkay, G., Kloner, A. (1976). Notes and News: Burial Caves North Damascus Gate,
John 16:13).
chosen and will announce the future to us (cf. τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγε). Is our future defined by horrors
suffering now for their faith shall be ultimately vindicated with salvation and a blessed life.
Report) Israel Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184. 25. Barkay, G., Kloner, A., Mazar, A. (1994). The Northern Necropolis of Jerusalem During
Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Journal 26. pp. 55-57.
The author of Pseudo-Philo, perhaps a Jew, writing before 30 CE (Harrington in OTP 2.299) or

2. Barkay, G., Kloner, A. (1976). Notes and News: Burial Caves North Damascus Gate, like the Twin Towers falling in flames; threatening wars from Ethiopia, Ukraine, Russia,
3. Barkay, G. (1976). Notes and News: St. Andrew's Church, Jerusalem. Israel Exploration
the First Temple Period. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel
Do we not need such hope now? Do we not desperately need someone who “does not speak only
Another person, in another apocalyptic document, the History of the Rechabites, describes the
before 66 CE (Bogaert in SC 230; p. 74), shared the following prophecy of the future, obviously
Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Journal 26. pp. 55-57. Afghanistan, North Korea, Iran, and elsewhere; abominable deadly plagues called famine and
for himself” (οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ)? More than ever, we need someone who is divinely
Exploration Society. pp. 119-127.*
Land of the Blessed Ones. It is an island on which there is only peace, happiness, and concord.
Journal 26. pp. 57-58.
representing in one paragraph what many Jews during the time of Hillel and Jesus imagined. They
Covid-19; threatening dark clouds rising notably from Iran and China; and nations without
3. Barkay, G. (1976). Notes and News: St. Andrew's Church, Jerusalem. Israel Exploration 26. Barkay, G. (1995). The King of Babylonia or a Judaean Official? Israel Exploration
chosen and will announce the future to us (cf. τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγε). Is our future defined by horrors

12
4. Barkay, G. (1977). A Coin of Alexander Jannaeus from Cyprus. Israel Exploration
were convinced they heard God promise:
Journal 26. pp. 57-58. adequate leadership in a world tipping in the wrong directions? Why have horrors and fears
like the Twin Towers falling in flames; threatening wars from Ethiopia, Ukraine, Russia,
The author of Pseudo-Philo, perhaps a Jew, writing before 30 CE (Harrington in OTP 2.299) or
Journal 45(1). pp. 41-47.
Journal 27. pp. 119-120.

increasingly become the daily substance for too many minds? Has our world not been defined by
4. Barkay, G. (1977). A Coin of Alexander Jannaeus from Cyprus. Israel Exploration 27. Barkay, G. & Vaughn, A.G. (1995). An Official Seal Impression from Lachish
before 66 CE (Bogaert in SC 230; p. 74), shared the following prophecy of the future, obviously
Afghanistan, North Korea, Iran, and elsewhere; abominable deadly plagues called famine and
5. Barkay, G. (1978). A Group of Iron Age Scale Weights. Israel Exploration Journal 28, 4.
And I shall bring the dead to life (et vivificabo mortuos) and raise up those who are sleeping
Journal 27. pp. 119-120. leaders who seem blinded? Where now is the vision of the ancient apocalyptists who not only
Covid-19; threatening dark clouds rising notably from Iran and China; and nations without
representing in one paragraph what many Jews during the time of Hillel and Jesus imagined. They
Reconsidered. Tel Aviv 22,1. pp. 94-97.
pp. 209-217.
from the earth. And hell (infernus) will pay back its debt, and the place of perdition will
warned of disasters but also envisioned, even promised, the establishment of the kingdom of God
adequate leadership in a world tipping in the wrong directions? Why have horrors and fears
5. Barkay, G. (1978). A Group of Iron Age Scale Weights. Israel Exploration Journal 28, 4. 28. Barkay, G. (1996). A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem? Israel Exploration
12
were convinced they heard God promise:
6. Barkay, G. (1979). The Cubit of the Old Standard - Archaeological Consideration of a
increasingly become the daily substance for too many minds? Has our world not been defined by

pp. 209-217. return its deposit so that I may render to each according to his works (secundum opera sua) on earth?
Journal 46(1/2). pp. 23-43.
Problem in Biblical Metrology. in: Sixth Archaeological Conference in Israel (Tel-Aviv,
and according to the fruits of his own devices, until I judge between soul and flesh.
leaders who seem blinded? Where now is the vision of the ancient apocalyptists who not only
And I shall bring the dead to life (et vivificabo mortuos) and raise up those who are sleeping
6. Barkay, G. (1979). The Cubit of the Old Standard - Archaeological Consideration of a 29. Barkay, G., & Vaughn, A. (1996). New Readings of Hezekian Official Seal Impressions.
14-15 March 1979). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pg. 35.
And the world will cease, and death will be abolished, and hell will shut its mouth. And the
from the earth. And hell (infernus) will pay back its debt, and the place of perdition will
In light of the darkness, too evident in the past and in the present, how do we dare to dream what
Problem in Biblical Metrology. in: Sixth Archaeological Conference in Israel (Tel-Aviv, warned of disasters but also envisioned, even promised, the establishment of the kingdom of God
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304. pp. 29-54.
7. Broshi, M., Barkay, G. (1985). Excavations in the Chapel of St. Vartan in the Holy
earth will not be without progeny or sterile for those inhabiting it; and no one who has been
on earth?
return its deposit so that I may render to each according to his works (secundum opera sua)
14-15 March 1979). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pg. 35. 30. Barkay, G. (1996). A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish. Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.
today many accept as “the un-dream-able” dream”? How does hope spring up again? We may note
Sepulchre. Israel Exploration Journal 35, 2/3. pp 108-128.
and according to the fruits of his own devices, until I judge between soul and flesh.
pardoned by me will be tainted. And there will be another earth and another heaven, an

7. Broshi, M., Barkay, G. (1985). Excavations in the Chapel of St. Vartan in the Holy 13 31. Barkay, G. & Vaughn, A. G. (1996). "Lmlk" and Official Seal Impressions from Tel
that the first insight warns us about the path to destruction. The second insight provides us with
8. Barkay, G. (1983). The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 9,
And the world will cease, and death will be abolished, and hell will shut its mouth. And the
everlasting dwelling place (Et erit terra alia et celum aliud, habitaculum sempiternum.).
Sepulchre. Israel Exploration Journal 35, 2/3. pp 108-128. In light of the darkness, too evident in the past and in the present, how do we dare to dream what
language that might enable dreams to pop up, unexpectedly, before each of us.
Lachish. Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 23,1 (1996) 61-74.
*
2. pp. 14-19.
today many accept as “the un-dream-able” dream”? How does hope spring up again? We may note
earth will not be without progeny or sterile for those inhabiting it; and no one who has been
[PsPhilo 3:10; Harrington in OTP 2.307]

8. Barkay, G. (1983). The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 9, 32. Barkay, G. (1997). Politics - Not Religious Law - Rules Ultra-Orthodox Demonstrators.

that the first insight warns us about the path to destruction. The second insight provides us with
9. Barkay, G. (1986). Jerusalem of Old Testament Times: New Discoveries and New
pardoned by me will be tainted. And there will be another earth and another heaven, an

2. pp. 14-19. everlasting dwelling place (Et erit terra alia et celum aliud, habitaculum sempiternum.). Imagining a Place Phenomenologically Means Imaging Being Present There
language that might enable dreams to pop up, unex
Biblical Archaeology Review 23(6). pp. 56-57, 77. pectedly, before each of us.
13
Approaches. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 5. pp. 32-43.
In this one concise paragraph, we find early Jewish beliefs in God’s resurrection of the dead, works
9. Barkay, G. (1986). Jerusalem of Old Testament Times: New Discoveries and New 33. Barkay, G. (1998). A Signet Ring of Alexander. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel
15
In Phenomenology of Perception, Maurice Merleau-Ponty illustrated that to ponder a distant land

[PsPhilo 3:10; Harrington in OTP 2.307]

10. Barkay, G. (1986). The Garden Tomb: Was Jesus Buried Here?. Biblical Archaeology
of righteousness, the judgment of soul and flesh, the ending of the world, the abolishment of death,
Approaches. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 5. pp. 32-43. Imagining a Place Phenomenologically Means Imaging Being Present There
is to imagine oneself present to perceive and be blessed by that alluring vista. Hence, when we

Archaeological Society 16. pp. 65-69.
Review 12,2. pp. 40-53, 56-57.
the promise of a fruitful habitation (habitaculum), and finally an assurance that “there will be
10. Barkay, G. (1986). The Garden Tomb: Was Jesus Buried Here?. Biblical Archaeology 34. Deutsch, R., Barkay, G. (1999). A Storage-Jar Handle with Two Hebrew Personal Seal
15
In Phenomenology of Perception, Maurice Merleau-Ponty illustrated that to ponder a distant land
In this one concise paragraph, we find early Jewish beliefs in God’s resurrection of the dead, works
dream about the world envisioned, for example, by Isaiah and the authors of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch,
11. Barkay, G., Kloner, (1986). Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical
another earth and another heaven (erit terra alia et celum aliud).”
Review 12,2. pp. 40-53, 56-57. 14 is to imagine oneself present to perceive and be blessed by that alluring vista. Hence, when we
of righteousness, the judgment of soul and flesh, the ending of the world, the abolishment of death,
we may conceivably participate in life-restoring events. With the early Jews and Christians, who
Impressions. in: Deutsch, R. (Ed.). West Semitic Epigraphic News of the First Millenium
Archaeology Review. 12,2. pp. 22-39.
11. Barkay, G., Kloner, (1986). Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical dream about the world envisioned, for example, by Isaiah and the authors of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch,
the promise of a fruitful habitation (habitaculum), and finally an assurance that “there will be
in antiquity suffered burning cities and landscapes, crucifixions, and martyrdoms, today we -
BCE. Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center. pp. 81-85.
12. Barkay, G. (1988). Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb: A Reevaluation. Biblical
Archaeology Review. 12,2. pp. 22-39. that almost all so-called Christian ideas were originally Jewish. I 35. Sinibaldi, M., Goodfriend, G. A., Barkay, G., Marchese, S. and Gil-av, E. (1999). Aspartic rhaps
It should now be undeniable
14
we may conceivably participate in life-restoring events. With the early Jews and Christians, who
another earth and another heaven (erit terra alia et celum aliud).”
within a world belching toxic smoke, and deadly circumstances - may hold on to hope, and pe
Archaeology Review 14 (2). pp. 48-50.
stated that in a faculty meeting and a person who held a distinguished chair exclaimed out in alarm

12. Barkay, G. (1988). Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb: A Reevaluation. Biblical in antiquity suffered burning cities and landscapes, crucifixions, and martyrdoms, today we -
Acid Racemization in Teeth from Ketef Hinnom, a Late Holocene Burial Cave in
dream.
13. Barkay, G. (1988). To Gehenna and Back: The Hinnom Valley, Jerusalem. Israel Land
It should now be undeniable that almost all so-called Christian ideas were originally Jewish. I
and disagreement; that colleague
Archaeology Review 14 (2). pp. 48-50. obviously missed the point that Paul espoused each of these within a world belching toxic smoke, and deadly circumstances - may hold on to hope, and perhaps
Jerusalem: Evidence for Reuse. Geoarchaeology 14. pp. 441–454.
and Nature 13. pp. 123-129.

dream.
stated that in a faculty meeting and a person who held a distinguished chair exclaimed out in alarm
concepts and proudly claimed them to be thoroughly Jewish.
13. Barkay, G. (1988). To Gehenna and Back: The Hinnom Valley, Jerusalem. Israel Land 36. Avigad, N., Barkay, G. (2000). The "LMLK" and Related Seal Impressions. in: Geva, H. is not
Our task as professors and scholars is to live and share this transcending experience. It
14. Barkay, G. (1989). Another Palaeo-Hebrew Ossuary Inscription. Israel Exploration
and disagreement; that colleague obviously missed the point that Paul espoused each of these

and Nature 13. pp. 123-129. enough to read a sacred text. One must inculcate some of its wisdom and promises. Dreams without
Journal 39(3/4). pp. 201-203.
(Ed.). Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Conducted by Nahman is not
concepts and proudly claimed them to be thoroughly Jewish.
Just as the foregoing words were pondered, and perhaps written, conceivably before his
14. Barkay, G. (1989). Another Palaeo-Hebrew Ossuary Inscription. Israel Exploration Our task as professors and scholars is to live and share this transcending experience. It
enough to read a sacred text. One must inculcate some of its wisdom and promises. Dreams without
Avigad, 1969-1982, Vol. 1. pp. 243-266.
15. Barkay, G. (1990). A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription שדק. Israel Exploration Journal
foundations are illusionary. We need to regain the perception that divinely inspired hopes are

crucifixion, Jesus’ followers reported that he promised the appearance of the Spirit of Truth: “But
Journal 39(3/4). pp. 201-203. 37. Barkay, G. (2000). What's an Egyptian Temple Doing in Jerusalem? Biblical Archaeology
Just as the foregoin
foundations are illusionary. We need to regain the perception that divinely inspired hopes are
40(2/3). pp. 124-129. g words were pondered, and perhaps written, conceivably before his
when that one comes, (namely) the Spirit of Truth, he will guide you in all the truth.
15. Barkay, G. (1990). A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription שדק. Israel Exploration Journal For he will reliable. Realistic apocalyptic imaginations can arise out of the worst calamities; for example, after
reliable. Realistic apocalyptic imaginations can arise out of the worst calamities; for example, after
crucifixion, Jesus’ followers reported that he promised the appearance of the Spirit of Truth: “But
Review 26(3). pp. 48-57.
16. Barkay, G. (1991). 'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh.
the burning of the Temple in Jerusalem, Jews crafted the masterpieces now labeled Fourth Ezra
not speak from his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will disclose the
40(2/3). pp. 124-129. 38. Bautch, R., Coblentz Bautch, K., Barkay, G., Guise Sheridan, S. (2000). "The Vessels of
the burning of the Temple in Jerusalem, Jews crafted the masterpieces now labeled Fourth Ezra
when that one comes, (namely) the Spirit of Truth, he will guide you in all the truth. For he will
Israel Exploration Journal 41(4). pp. 239-241.
16. Barkay, G. (1991). 'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh. ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ and many other apocalypses, including the Jewish sections in Revelation. We must follow the
things that are coming” (ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁδηγήσει
and many other apocalypses, including the Jewish sections in Revelation. We must follow the
not speak from his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will disclose the
the Potter Shall Be Broken": The Material Culture from a Burial Cave at St. Étienne's
17. Barkay, G. (1991). Jerusalem: De David a la Destruction du Temple de Salomon. Les
wisdom of the ancients. Blessings are not reserved only for good times. They can be experienced
Israel Exploration Journal 41(4). pp. 239-241. ἐκεῖνος, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁδηγήσει ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ wisdom of the ancients. Blessings are not reserved only for good times. They can be experienced
things that are coming” (ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ

Monastery, Jerusalem. ŕevue biblique 107. pp. 561-590.
Dossiers de l'Archeologie 165-166. pp. 32-45.
in the worst times when we have been shown how to hold onto God’s promises that his creation is
in the worst times when we have been shown how to hold onto God’s promises that his creation is
17. Barkay, G. (1991). Jerusalem: De David a la Destruction du Temple de Salomon. Les 39. Barkay, G. & Im, M. (2001). Egyptian Influence on the Painted Human Figures from

12
As usual, I reserve the right to make corrections to my edition or change capitalizations. The collection was
18. Barkay, G. (1992). The World's Oldest Poorbox. Biblical Archaeology Review 18(6). pp.

ָ ָ֔ ָ
“very good” (ד ּ֑ ֹ אְמ בוֹ ָּ֖ ט־הנִּהְו השָׂע ר ֶ֣שֲא־לָכּ־תֶא ֙םיִּהלֱֹא א ְרַָּ֤יַּו). All early Jews and Christians knew that God
Dossiers de l'Archeologie 165-166. pp. 32-45. “very good” (ד ּ֑ ֹ אְמ בוֹ ָּ֖ ט־הנִּהְו ה ָ֔שָׂע ר ֶ֣שֲא־לָכּ־תֶא ֙םיִּהלֱֹא א ְרַָּ֤יַּו). All early Jews and Christians knew that God
12
Kuntillet 'Ajrud. Tel Aviv 28,2. pp. 288-300
published before 1985. the right to make corrections to my edition or change capitalizations. The collection was
As usual, I reserve
48-50.
could not be imagined to be stupid and misperceive of what Adam and Eve would do. God knew
could not be imagined to be stupid and misperceive of what Adam and Eve would do. God knew
18. Barkay, G. (1992). The World's Oldest Poorbox. Biblical Archaeology Review 18(6). pp. 40. Barkay, G., Fantalkin, A., & Tal, O. (2002). A Late Iron Age Fortress North of Jerusalem.
13 published before 1985.
See D.J. Harrington, Pseudo-Philon, Les antiquités bibliques. SC 230 (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1976) vol. 1, p.
19. Barkay, G. (1992). "The Prancing Horse". Tel Aviv 19,1. pp. 124-129.
that in the end his rule will triumph.
13
48-50. See D.J. Harrington, Pseudo-Philon, Les antiquités bibliques. SC 230 (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1976) vol. 1, p. that in the end his rule will triumph.
72. Now, I cannot refrain myself from adding that my life has been enriched by so many wonderful women and men
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 328. pp. 49-72.
20. Barkay, G. (1992). The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in

72. Now, I cannot refrain myself from adding that my life has been enriched by so many wonderful women and men
19. Barkay, G. (1992). "The Prancing Horse". Tel Aviv 19,1. pp. 124-129. 41. Barkay, G. (2003). Iron Age II Incised Potsherds and Potters' Marks. in: Geva, H. (Ed.).
who are world renowned; not I ponder to feel the joy I shared with Kathlene Kenyon, Adella Yarbro Collins, Lea
Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 19,2. pp. 139-192.
who are world renowned; not I ponder to feel the joy I shared with Kathlene Kenyon, Adella Yarbro Collins, Lea
Berkuz, Amy-Jill Levine, Roland de Vaux. Benoit. Callaway, Ernest Wright, Dan Harrington, and John Strugnell in
20. Barkay, G. (1992). The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: V. 2. The Finds from Areas A,
21. Barkay, G. (1993). A Bulla of Ishmael, the King's Son. Bulletin of the American Schools of
Berkuz, Amy-Jill Levine, Roland de Vaux. Benoit. Callaway, Ernest Wright, Dan Harrington, and John Strugnell in
Jerusalem and with George MacRae in Rome. The respect I received from so many around the world helped me to
Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 19,2. pp. 139-192.
Jerusalem and with George MacRae in Rome. The respect I received from so many around the world helped me to
W and X-2. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew

Oriental Research 290/291. pp. 109-114.
have sufficient energy to edit the OTP and the DSS.
21. Barkay, G. (1993). A Bulla of Ishmael, the King's Son. Bulletin of the American Schools of 15 Phénoménologie de la perception was published in 1945 by Éditions Gallimard. In 1962, an English translation by
have sufficient energy to edit the OTP and the DSS.
University of Jerusalem. pp. 50-62.
15
14
22. Barkay, G. (1993). The Redefining of Archaeological Periods: Does the Date 588/586
Phénoménologie de la perception was published in 1945 by Éditions Gallimard. In 1962, an English translation by
I am pleased to note the early reference to Aliyah (erit terra alia) which is the term used by Jews (especially
14
I am pleased to note the early reference to Aliyah (erit terra alia) which is the term used by Jews (especially
Colin Smith was published by Routledge & Kegan Paul. In 2013, Routledge published an English translation by
Oriental Research 290/291. pp. 109-114. 42. Barkay, G., Lundberg, M., Vaughn, A., Zuckerman, B., & Zuckerman, K. (2003). The
B.C.E. Indeed Mark the End of the Iron Age Culture?. in: Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (Eds.).
Zionists) who return from the Diaspora to the geographical Land of Israel, the Holy Land. On the roads in Israel, I
Colin Smith was published by Routledge & Kegan Paul. In 2013, Routledge published an English translation by
Donald Landes. See Charlesworth, “Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological Description of ‘Word,’” Philosophy and
Zionists) who return from the Diaspora to the geographical Land of Israel, the Holy Land. On the roads in Israel, I
22. Barkay, G. (1993). The Redefining of Archaeological Periods: Does the Date 588/586 Challenges of Ketef Hinnom. Near Eastern Archaeology 66(4). pp. 162-171. ‘Word,’” Philosophy and
often see “Aliyah” which means you are going up. Metaphorically one goes up to the Holy City, Jerusalem.
Donald Landes. See Charlesworth, “Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological Description of
Phenomenological Research 30 (1970) 609-13.
often see “Aliyah” which means you are going up. Metaphorically one goes up to the Holy City, Jerusalem.
Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990; Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
B.C.E. Indeed Mark the End of the Iron Age Culture?. in: Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (Eds.). Phenomenological Research 30 (1970) 609-13.
Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990; Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
8 XXIII