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ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ· οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὅσα ἀκούσει λαλήσει καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀν
Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, June-July 1990. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & αγγε.
pseudepigraphon attempts to defend the sovereignty of God. He is good and trustworthy. Jews
BIBLIOGRAPHY GABRIEL BARKAY
suffering now for their faith shall be ultimately vindicated with salvation and a blessed life.
John 16:13).
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. pp. 106-109.
BIBLIOGRAPHY GABRIEL BARKAY
*
Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pp. 85-106.
Another person, in another apocalyptic document, the History of the Rechabites, describes
1. Barkay, G., et al. (1974). Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary the
Do we not need such hope now? Do we not desperately need someone who “does not speak only
Land of the Blessed Ones. It is an island on which there is only peace, happiness, and concord.
24. Barkay, G. (1994). A Second "Governor of the City" Bulla. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient
for himself” (οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ)? More than ever, we need someone who is divinely
Report) Israel Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184.
ἀληθείᾳ πάσῃ· οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ἀλλʼ ὅσα ἀκούσει λαλήσει καὶ τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγε.
pseudepigraphon attempts to defend the sovereignty of God. He is good and trustworthy. Jews
Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pp. 141-144.*
2. Barkay, G., Kloner, A. (1976). Notes and News: Burial Caves North Damascus Gate,
chosen and will announce the future to us (cf. τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγε). Is our future defined by horrors
suffering now for their faith shall be ultimately vindicated with salvation and a blessed life.
John 16:13).
Report) Israel Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184.
25. Barkay, G., Kloner, A., Mazar, A. (1994). The Northern Necropolis of Jerusalem During
The author of Pseudo-Philo, perhaps a Jew, writing before 30 CE (Harrington in OTP 2.299) or
Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Journal 26. pp. 55-57.
like the Twin Towers falling in flames; threatening wars from Ethiopia, Ukraine, Russia,
2. Barkay, G., Kloner, A. (1976). Notes and News: Burial Caves North Damascus Gate,
the First Temple Period. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel
3. Barkay, G. (1976). Notes and News: St. Andrew's Church, Jerusalem. Israel Exploration
before 66 CE (Bogaert in SC 230; p. 74), shared the following prophecy of the future, obviously
Another person, in another apocalyptic document, the History of the Rechabites, describes the
Do we not need such hope now? Do we not desperately need someone who “does not speak only
Afghanistan, North Korea, Iran, and elsewhere; abominable deadly plagues called famine and
Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Journal 26. pp. 55-57.
for himself” (οὐ γὰρ λαλήσει ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ)? More than ever, we need someone who is divinely
Exploration Society. pp. 119-127.*
Land of the Blessed Ones. It is an island on which there is only peace, happiness, and concord.
representing in one paragraph what many Jews during the time of Hillel and Jesus imagined. They
Journal 26. pp. 57-58.
Covid-19; threatening dark clouds rising notably from Iran and China; and nations without
3. Barkay, G. (1976). Notes and News: St. Andrew's Church, Jerusalem. Israel Exploration
chosen and will announce the future to us (cf. τὰ ἐρχόμενα ἀναγγε). Is our future defined by horrors
26. Barkay, G. (1995). The King of Babylonia or a Judaean Official? Israel Exploration
4. Barkay, G. (1977). A Coin of Alexander Jannaeus from Cyprus. Israel Exploration
12
were convinced they heard God promise:
adequate leadership in a world tipping in the wrong directions? Why have horrors and fears
Journal 26. pp. 57-58.
like the Twin Towers falling in flames; threatening wars from Ethiopia, Ukraine, Russia,
The author of Pseudo-Philo, perhaps a Jew, writing before 30 CE (Harrington in OTP 2.299) or
Journal 45(1). pp. 41-47.
Journal 27. pp. 119-120.
increasingly become the daily substance for too many minds? Has our world not been defined by
4. Barkay, G. (1977). A Coin of Alexander Jannaeus from Cyprus. Israel Exploration
Afghanistan, North Korea, Iran, and elsewhere; abominable deadly plagues called famine and
before 66 CE (Bogaert in SC 230; p. 74), shared the following prophecy of the future, obviously
27. Barkay, G. & Vaughn, A.G. (1995). An Official Seal Impression from Lachish
5. Barkay, G. (1978). A Group of Iron Age Scale Weights. Israel Exploration Journal 28, 4.
And I shall bring the dead to life (et vivificabo mortuos) and raise up those who are sleeping
leaders who seem blinded? Where now is the vision of the ancient apocalyptists who not only
Journal 27. pp. 119-120.
representing in one paragraph what many Jews during the time of Hillel and Jesus imagined. They
Covid-19; threatening dark clouds rising notably from Iran and China; and nations without
Reconsidered. Tel Aviv 22,1. pp. 94-97.
pp. 209-217.
from the earth. And hell (infernus) will pay back its debt, and the place of perdition will
warned of disasters but also envisioned, even promised, the establishment of the kingdom of God
adequate leadership in a world tipping in the wrong directions? Why have horrors and fears
12
5. Barkay, G. (1978). A Group of Iron Age Scale Weights. Israel Exploration Journal 28, 4.
were convinced they heard God promise:
28. Barkay, G. (1996). A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem? Israel Exploration
6. Barkay, G. (1979). The Cubit of the Old Standard - Archaeological Consideration of a
return its deposit so that I may render to each according to his works (secundum opera sua)
on earth?
increasingly become the daily substance for too many minds? Has our world not been defined by
pp. 209-217.
Journal 46(1/2). pp. 23-43.
Problem in Biblical Metrology. in: Sixth Archaeological Conference in Israel (Tel-Aviv,
and according to the fruits of his own devices, until I judge between soul and flesh.
leaders who seem blinded? Where now is the vision of the ancient apocalyptists who not only
And I shall bring the dead to life (et vivificabo mortuos) and raise up those who are sleeping
6. Barkay, G. (1979). The Cubit of the Old Standard - Archaeological Consideration of a
29. Barkay, G., & Vaughn, A. (1996). New Readings of Hezekian Official Seal Impressions.
14-15 March 1979). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pg. 35.
And the world will cease, and death will be abolished, and hell will shut its mouth. And the
warned of disasters but also envisioned, even promised, the establishment of the kingdom of God
from the earth. And hell (infernus) will pay back its debt, and the place of perdition will
In light of the darkness, too evident in the past and in the present, how do we dare to dream what
Problem in Biblical Metrology. in: Sixth Archaeological Conference in Israel (Tel-Aviv,
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304. pp. 29-54.
7. Broshi, M., Barkay, G. (1985). Excavations in the Chapel of St. Vartan in the Holy
earth will not be without progeny or sterile for those inhabiting it; and no one who has been
on earth?
return its deposit so that I may render to each according to his works (secundum opera sua)
today many accept as “the un-dream-able” dream”? How does hope spring up again? We may note
14-15 March 1979). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pg. 35.
30. Barkay, G. (1996). A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish. Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82.
Sepulchre. Israel Exploration Journal 35, 2/3. pp 108-128.
pardoned by me will be tainted. And there will be another earth and another heaven, an
and according to the fruits of his own devices, until I judge between soul and flesh.
that the first insight warns us about the path to destruction. The second insight provides us with
7. Broshi, M., Barkay, G. (1985). Excavations in the Chapel of St. Vartan in the Holy
31. Barkay, G. & Vaughn, A. G. (1996). "Lmlk" and Official Seal Impressions from Tel
8. Barkay, G. (1983). The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 9,
And the world will cease, and death will be abolished, and hell will shut its mouth. And the
In light of the darkness, too evident in the past and in the present, how do we dare to dream what
everlasting dwelling place (Et erit terra alia et celum aliud, habitaculum sempiternum.).
Sepulchre. Israel Exploration Journal 35, 2/3. pp 108-128.
language that might enable dreams to pop up, unexpectedly, before each of us.
Lachish. Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 23,1 (1996) 61-74.
*
today many accept as “the un-dream-able” dream”? How does hope spring up again? We may note
2. pp. 14-19.
earth will not be without progeny or sterile for those inhabiting it; and no one who has been
[PsPhilo 3:10; Harrington in OTP 2.307]
8. Barkay, G. (1983). The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 9,
32. Barkay, G. (1997). Politics - Not Religious Law - Rules Ultra-Orthodox Demonstrators.
9. Barkay, G. (1986). Jerusalem of Old Testament Times: New Discoveries and New
that the first insight warns us about the path to destruction. The second insight provides us with
pardoned by me will be tainted. And there will be another earth and another heaven, an
2. pp. 14-19.
Imagining a Place Phenomenologically Means Imaging Being Present There
Biblical Archaeology Review 23(6). pp. 56-57, 77. pectedly, before each of us.
13
language that might enable dreams to pop up, unex
everlasting dwelling place (Et erit terra alia et celum aliud, habitaculum sempiternum.).
Approaches. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 5. pp. 32-43.
In this one concise paragraph, we find early Jewish beliefs in God’s resurrection of the dead, works
9. Barkay, G. (1986). Jerusalem of Old Testament Times: New Discoveries and New
15
In Phenomenology of Perception, Maurice Merleau-Ponty illustrated that to ponder a distant land
[PsPhilo 3:10; Harrington in OTP 2.307]
33. Barkay, G. (1998). A Signet Ring of Alexander. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel
10. Barkay, G. (1986). The Garden Tomb: Was Jesus Buried Here?. Biblical Archaeology
of righteousness, the judgment of soul and flesh, the ending of the world, the abolishment of death,
Approaches. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 5. pp. 32-43.
Imagining a Place Phenomenologically Means Imaging Being Present There
is to imagine oneself present to perceive and be blessed by that alluring vista. Hence, when we
Archaeological Society 16. pp. 65-69.
Review 12,2. pp. 40-53, 56-57.
the promise of a fruitful habitation (habitaculum), and finally an assurance that “there will be
10. Barkay, G. (1986). The Garden Tomb: Was Jesus Buried Here?. Biblical Archaeology
15
In Phenomenology of Perception, Maurice Merleau-Ponty illustrated that to ponder a distant land
In this one concise paragraph, we find early Jewish beliefs in God’s resurrection of the dead, works
dream about the world envisioned, for example, by Isaiah and the authors of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch,
34. Deutsch, R., Barkay, G. (1999). A Storage-Jar Handle with Two Hebrew Personal Seal
11. Barkay, G., Kloner, (1986). Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical
14
another earth and another heaven (erit terra alia et celum aliud).”
Review 12,2. pp. 40-53, 56-57.
is to imagine oneself present to perceive and be blessed by that alluring vista. Hence, when we
of righteousness, the judgment of soul and flesh, the ending of the world, the abolishment of death,
we may conceivably participate in life-restoring events. With the early Jews and Christians, who
Impressions. in: Deutsch, R. (Ed.). West Semitic Epigraphic News of the First Millenium
Archaeology Review. 12,2. pp. 22-39.
11. Barkay, G., Kloner, (1986). Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical
dream about the world envisioned, for example, by Isaiah and the authors of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch,
the promise of a fruitful habitation (habitaculum), and finally an assurance that “there will be
in antiquity suffered burning cities and landscapes, crucifixions, and martyrdoms, today we -
BCE. Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center. pp. 81-85.
12. Barkay, G. (1988). Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb: A Reevaluation. Biblical
we may conceivably participate in life-restoring events. With the early Jews and Christians, who
Archaeology Review. 12,2. pp. 22-39. that almost all so-called Christian ideas were originally Jewish. I
It should now be undeniable
14
another earth and another heaven (erit terra alia et celum aliud).”
35. Sinibaldi, M., Goodfriend, G. A., Barkay, G., Marchese, S. and Gil-av, E. (1999). Aspartic rhaps
within a world belching toxic smoke, and deadly circumstances - may hold on to hope, and pe
Archaeology Review 14 (2). pp. 48-50.
stated that in a faculty meeting and a person who held a distinguished chair exclaimed out in alarm
in antiquity suffered burning cities and landscapes, crucifixions, and martyrdoms, today we -
12. Barkay, G. (1988). Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb: A Reevaluation. Biblical
dream.
Acid Racemization in Teeth from Ketef Hinnom, a Late Holocene Burial Cave in
13. Barkay, G. (1988). To Gehenna and Back: The Hinnom Valley, Jerusalem. Israel Land
within a world belching toxic smoke, and deadly circumstances - may hold on to hope, and perhaps
It should now be undeniable that almost all so-called Christian ideas were originally Jewish. I
and disagreement; that colleague
Archaeology Review 14 (2). pp. 48-50. obviously missed the point that Paul espoused each of these
Jerusalem: Evidence for Reuse. Geoarchaeology 14. pp. 441–454.
and Nature 13. pp. 123-129.
stated that in a faculty meeting and a person who held a distinguished chair exclaimed out in alarm
dream.
concepts and proudly claimed them to be thoroughly Jewish.
13. Barkay, G. (1988). To Gehenna and Back: The Hinnom Valley, Jerusalem. Israel Land
Our task as professors and scholars is to live and share this transcending experience. It
14. Barkay, G. (1989). Another Palaeo-Hebrew Ossuary Inscription. Israel Exploration
36. Avigad, N., Barkay, G. (2000). The "LMLK" and Related Seal Impressions. in: Geva, H. is not
and disagreement; that colleague obviously missed the point that Paul espoused each of these
and Nature 13. pp. 123-129.
enough to read a sacred text. One must inculcate some of its wisdom and promises. Dreams without
Journal 39(3/4). pp. 201-203.
Our task as professors and scholars is to live and share this transcending experience. It
(Ed.). Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Conducted by Nahman is not
concepts and proudly claimed them to be thoroughly Jewish.
Just as the foregoing words were pondered, and perhaps written, conceivably before his
14. Barkay, G. (1989). Another Palaeo-Hebrew Ossuary Inscription. Israel Exploration
Avigad, 1969-1982, Vol. 1. pp. 243-266.
enough to read a sacred text. One must inculcate some of its wisdom and promises. Dreams without
15. Barkay, G. (1990). A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription שדק. Israel Exploration Journal
foundations are illusionary. We need to regain the perception that divinely inspired hopes are
crucifixion, Jesus’ followers reported that he promised the appearance of the Spirit of Truth: “But
Journal 39(3/4). pp. 201-203.
37. Barkay, G. (2000). What's an Egyptian Temple Doing in Jerusalem? Biblical Archaeology
foundations are illusionary. We need to regain the perception that divinely inspired hopes are
40(2/3). pp. 124-129. g words were pondered, and perhaps written, conceivably before his
Just as the foregoin
reliable. Realistic apocalyptic imaginations can arise out of the worst calamities; for example, after
15. Barkay, G. (1990). A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription שדק. Israel Exploration Journal For he will
when that one comes, (namely) the Spirit of Truth, he will guide you in all the truth.
reliable. Realistic apocalyptic imaginations can arise out of the worst calamities; for example, after
crucifixion, Jesus’ followers reported that he promised the appearance of the Spirit of Truth: “But
Review 26(3). pp. 48-57.
16. Barkay, G. (1991). 'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh.
the burning of the Temple in Jerusalem, Jews crafted the masterpieces now labeled Fourth Ezra
not speak from his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will disclose the
40(2/3). pp. 124-129.
the burning of the Temple in Jerusalem, Jews crafted the masterpieces now labeled Fourth Ezra
when that one comes, (namely) the Spirit of Truth, he will guide you in all the truth. For he will
38. Bautch, R., Coblentz Bautch, K., Barkay, G., Guise Sheridan, S. (2000). "The Vessels of
Israel Exploration Journal 41(4). pp. 239-241.
and many other apocalypses, including the Jewish sections in Revelation. We must follow the
16. Barkay, G. (1991). 'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh. ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ
things that are coming” (ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ ἐκεῖνος, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁδηγήσει
and many other apocalypses, including the Jewish sections in Revelation. We must follow the
not speak from his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will disclose the
the Potter Shall Be Broken": The Material Culture from a Burial Cave at St. Étienne's
17. Barkay, G. (1991). Jerusalem: De David a la Destruction du Temple de Salomon. Les
wisdom of the ancients. Blessings are not reserved only for good times. They can be experienced
wisdom of the ancients. Blessings are not reserved only for good times. They can be experienced
things that are coming” (ὅταν δὲ ἔλθῃ
Israel Exploration Journal 41(4). pp. 239-241. ἐκεῖνος, τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας, ὁδηγήσει ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ
Monastery, Jerusalem. ŕevue biblique 107. pp. 561-590.
Dossiers de l'Archeologie 165-166. pp. 32-45.
in the worst times when we have been shown how to hold onto God’s promises that his creation is
in the worst times when we have been shown how to hold onto God’s promises that his creation is
17. Barkay, G. (1991). Jerusalem: De David a la Destruction du Temple de Salomon. Les
12
39. Barkay, G. & Im, M. (2001). Egyptian Influence on the Painted Human Figures from
18. Barkay, G. (1992). The World's Oldest Poorbox. Biblical Archaeology Review 18(6). pp.
As usual, I reserve the right to make corrections to my edition or change capitalizations. The collection was
“very good” (ד ּ֑ ֹ אְמ בוֹ ָּ֖ ט־הנִּהְו ה ָ֔שָׂע ר ֶ֣שֲא־לָכּ־תֶא ֙םיִּהלֱֹא א ְרַָּ֤יַּו). All early Jews and Christians knew that God
“very good” (ד ּ֑ ֹ אְמ בוֹ ָּ֖ ט־הנִּהְו השָׂע ר ֶ֣שֲא־לָכּ־תֶא ֙םיִּהלֱֹא א ְרַָּ֤יַּו). All early Jews and Christians knew that God
ָ ָָ֔
Dossiers de l'Archeologie 165-166. pp. 32-45.
12
As usual, I reserve
Kuntillet 'Ajrud. Tel Aviv 28,2. pp. 288-300
published before 1985. the right to make corrections to my edition or change capitalizations. The collection was
48-50.
could not be imagined to be stupid and misperceive of what Adam and Eve would do. God knew
could not be imagined to be stupid and misperceive of what Adam and Eve would do. God knew
18. Barkay, G. (1992). The World's Oldest Poorbox. Biblical Archaeology Review 18(6). pp.
13 published before 1985.
See D.J. Harrington, Pseudo-Philon, Les antiquités bibliques. SC 230 (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1976) vol. 1, p.
40. Barkay, G., Fantalkin, A., & Tal, O. (2002). A Late Iron Age Fortress North of Jerusalem.
19. Barkay, G. (1992). "The Prancing Horse". Tel Aviv 19,1. pp. 124-129.
that in the end his rule will triumph.
that in the end his rule will triumph.
13
48-50. See D.J. Harrington, Pseudo-Philon, Les antiquités bibliques. SC 230 (Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1976) vol. 1, p.
72. Now, I cannot refrain myself from adding that my life has been enriched by so many wonderful women and men
Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 328. pp. 49-72.
20. Barkay, G. (1992). The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in
72. Now, I cannot refrain myself from adding that my life has been enriched by so many wonderful women and men
19. Barkay, G. (1992). "The Prancing Horse". Tel Aviv 19,1. pp. 124-129.
who are world renowned; not I ponder to feel the joy I shared with Kathlene Kenyon, Adella Yarbro Collins, Lea
41. Barkay, G. (2003). Iron Age II Incised Potsherds and Potters' Marks. in: Geva, H. (Ed.).
Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 19,2. pp. 139-192.
who are world renowned; not I ponder to feel the joy I shared with Kathlene Kenyon, Adella Yarbro Collins, Lea
Berkuz, Amy-Jill Levine, Roland de Vaux. Benoit. Callaway, Ernest Wright, Dan Harrington, and John Strugnell in
20. Barkay, G. (1992). The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in
Berkuz, Amy-Jill Levine, Roland de Vaux. Benoit. Callaway, Ernest Wright, Dan Harrington, and John Strugnell in
Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: V. 2. The Finds from Areas A,
21. Barkay, G. (1993). A Bulla of Ishmael, the King's Son. Bulletin of the American Schools of
Jerusalem and with George MacRae in Rome. The respect I received from so many around the world helped me to
Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 19,2. pp. 139-192.
Jerusalem and with George MacRae in Rome. The respect I received from so many around the world helped me to
W and X-2. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew
Oriental Research 290/291. pp. 109-114.
have sufficient energy to edit the OTP and the DSS.
15
have sufficient energy to edit the OTP and the DSS.
21. Barkay, G. (1993). A Bulla of Ishmael, the King's Son. Bulletin of the American Schools of
Phénoménologie de la perception was published in 1945 by Éditions Gallimard. In 1962, an English translation by
University of Jerusalem. pp. 50-62.
22. Barkay, G. (1993). The Redefining of Archaeological Periods: Does the Date 588/586
15
14
Phénoménologie de la perception was published in 1945 by Éditions Gallimard. In 1962, an English translation by
I am pleased to note the early reference to Aliyah (erit terra alia) which is the term used by Jews (especially
14
Colin Smith was published by Routledge & Kegan Paul. In 2013, Routledge published an English translation by
I am pleased to note the early reference to Aliyah (erit terra alia) which is the term used by Jews (especially
Oriental Research 290/291. pp. 109-114.
42. Barkay, G., Lundberg, M., Vaughn, A., Zuckerman, B., & Zuckerman, K. (2003). The
Colin Smith was published by Routledge & Kegan Paul. In 2013, Routledge published an English translation by
B.C.E. Indeed Mark the End of the Iron Age Culture?. in: Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (Eds.).
Zionists) who return from the Diaspora to the geographical Land of Israel, the Holy Land. On the roads in Israel, I
Donald Landes. See Charlesworth, “Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological Description of ‘Word,’” Philosophy and
Zionists) who return from the Diaspora to the geographical Land of Israel, the Holy Land. On the roads in Israel, I
22. Barkay, G. (1993). The Redefining of Archaeological Periods: Does the Date 588/586
Phenomenological Research 30 (1970) 609-13.
often see “Aliyah” which means you are going up. Metaphorically one goes up to the Holy City, Jerusalem.
Challenges of Ketef Hinnom. Near Eastern Archaeology 66(4). pp. 162-171. ‘Word,’” Philosophy and
Donald Landes. See Charlesworth, “Merleau-Ponty’s Phenomenological Description of
Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990; Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
often see “Aliyah” which means you are going up. Metaphorically one goes up to the Holy City, Jerusalem.
B.C.E. Indeed Mark the End of the Iron Age Culture?. in: Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (Eds.).
Phenomenological Research 30 (1970) 609-13.
Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990; Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
9
XXII
1. Barkay, G., et al. (1974). Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary 13 23. Barkay, G. (1994). Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient
g
f
Z
L
om
fr
Ke
e
43. Ba 43. Barkay, G., Lundberg, M., Vaughn, A., & Zuckerman, B. (2004). The Amulets from Ketef 62. McKinny, C., Schwartz, O, Barkay, G., Fantalkin, A., and Zissu, B. (2018). “Kiriath-
, G.,
undb
c
r
The
u
B
Am
y
g
A
.
ulets
rk
(2004
hn,
., Va
r
ke
te
).
a
, M
man,
., &
u
Hinnom: A Ne w Editi o n an d Eva luation. Bullet in of the Am e rican Sc hools of Orie ntal Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar): Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean
Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental
representing Judea, were trapped in Jerusalem during the horrific war against Rome from 66 to 70,
And the leopard with the young goat shall lie down.
Research (334). pp. 41-71.
Researc h (334 ). pp. 41- 7 1. Hill Country.” Israel Exploration Journal 68. Pp 30-49.
which continued on at Masada until 73 or 74. With the Roman armies and future emperor, Titus,
And the calf and the young lion and the fattened-animal together.
2003
v
iew
). Moun
29(3)
44. Ba 44. Barkay, G. (2003). Mounds of Mystery. Biblical Archaeology Review 29(3) 32-39. 63. Snyder, F., Barkay, G. and Dvira, Z. (2019). Reconstruction of a Crusader “opus sectile”
y
r
hae
ical Arc
Bibl
.
y
e
a
ology R
ste
rk
, G. (
ds of M
32
39.
y
-
outside the walls of “the Holy City,” the two Jewish leaders continued to slaughter each other,
And a small boy shall lead them.
rk
The
45. Ba 45. Barkay, G., Ussishkin, D. (2004). The Late Bronze Age Strata. In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). The floor in the dome of the rock based on “picturesque Palestine” illustrations and finds from
.
D (E
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tra
).
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, G.,
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B
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n, D
.
n:
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Ussishki
2004
T
n,
I
.
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Ussishki
even burning the other’s food supplies, and suffering unimaginable famine. It was so maddening
And the cow and the bear shall graze [together],
(
nd
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y
L
a
Te
.
r
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1994
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)
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1973
ons
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ologi
viv:
-
A
Eme
e
hae
Renew Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv: Emery and the Temple Mount sifting project. Exploring the Holy Land 150. pp. 81-98.
c
d Ar
that, according to Josephus, a Jewish mother cooked and ate her infant son. When Jerusalem fell
Their young shall lie down together.
, T
y
Claire representing Judea, were trapped in Jerusalem during the horrific war against Rome from 66 to 70, 64. Ludvik, G. E., Kenoyer J. M., Cohen-Klonymus, H., Barkay G., and Dvira, Z. (2022)
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Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411.
ubli
olo
e
1.
g
rsit
41
e
ons i
v Unive
c
in 70 CE to the Roman troops, Jews were taken captive and some were paraded in Rome and others
And the lion as the ox shall eat straw.
which continued on at Masada until 73 or 74. With the Roman armies and future emperor, Titus,
.
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2004
a
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d.)
y
.
n, D
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(
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46. Ba 46. Barkay, G., Ussishkin, D. (2004). The Iron Age Strata. In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). The Stone Beads from the Temple Mount, Jerusalem: A relative chronology through high-
Ussishki
I
ta
.
g
n
I
n:
T
D (E
). The
11
were enslaved in Pompeii and Herculaneum.
And the nursing child shall play over the hole of the cobra.
Av
al
c
Te
Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) II. Tel Aviv: Emery and
hish
l
Renew outside the walls of “the Holy City,” the two Jewish leaders continued to slaughter each other, resolution studies of bead technology. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14
Ex
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.
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1973
ons
ac
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And the weaned child shall put its hand on the viper’s den.
g
rsit
e
50
. pp. 411
Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 411-503.
c
olo
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n Ar
-
3.
Ya
ions i
t
Claire even burning the other’s food supplies, and suffering unimaginable famine. It was so maddening (6): 115
y
, T
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ubli
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c
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All these calamities are selections of what plagued Jews and early Christians for at least five
that, according to Josephus, a Jewish mother cooked and ate her infant son. When Jerusalem fell
They shall not hurt or destroy on all my holy mountain,
y
hae
al
e
m.
47. Ba 47. Barkay, G. (2004). A Balance Beam. In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). The Renewed Archaeological 65. Van der Veen, P. G., Deutsch, R., & Barkay, G. (2016). Reconsidering the authenticity of
ne
a
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D (E
c
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a
he
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n:
rk
I
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e
n,
,
B
d
(2004
Arc
lanc
in 70 CE to the Roman troops, Jews were taken captive and some were paraded in Rome and others
For the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD (הָָ֔והְי),
hish
-
(1973
ac
L
Excav centuries (from approximately 200 BCE to 300 CE). Why do we not learn from these events that the Berekhyahu Bullae: a rejoinder.
I
ati
V
1994
ons at
)
e
a
T
in
ss
r
l
y
nd C
Eme
.
c
laire
a
Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) IV. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in
P
Y
a
ubli
ti
ons
Aviv: 11
were enslaved in Pompeii and Herculaneum.
As the waters cover the sea.
l Aviv U
. pp. 2084
y
sit
y
niver
-
2088.
Te
olog
Archa are confirmed in excavations today not only around Jerusalem but also elsewhere, including 66. Dvira, Z., & Barkay, G. (2021). Clay Sealings from the Temple Mount and Their Use in
,
e
Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 2084-2088.
Yodefat (Jotapata), Gamla, Migdal, and monuments in Rome?
y
d Of
n
.
o
a
i
l
a
The
R
fic
a
48. Ba 48. Barkay, G., Vaughn, A.G. (2004). The Royal and Official Seal Impressions from Lachish. the Temple and Royal Treasuries. Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 2: 41–75. ָ ֶ ְ
fr
om
G.
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L
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A.
a
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(2004
o
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)
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, G.
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׃ם ָב גֵּ֥ הנ ן ָּ֖ ֹ טָק רַּעֵַּּ֥נְו
ו ָ֔דְחי ֙אי ִּרְמוּ ריִָּ֤פְכוּ לֶג ֨עְו ץָּ֑ב ְרי יִּ֣דְג־םִּע רָּ֖ מנְו שֶׂב ָ֔כּ־םִּע ֙ב אז רָָ֤גְו
All these calamities are selections of what plagued Jews and early Christians for at least five
In: Ussishkin, D. (Ed.). The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994)
In: Ussishki n, D. (E d.). T he Re ne w e d Ar c hae olo gical Ex c av ati ons at L ac h ish ( 1973 - 1994 ) 67. Barkay, G., and Deutsch, R. (2022). An Additional Fiscal Bulla from the City of David.
centuries (from approximately 200 BCE to 300 CE). Why do we not learn from these events that
ֹ
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Do We Learn from Our Mistakes?
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Aviv:
ha
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Aviv Unive
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IV. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv University.
ti
a
laire
P
IV. Te are confirmed in excavations today not only around Jerusalem but also elsewhere, including Epigraphy, iconography, and the Bible: 77-83. ׃ןֶבַֽ ֶת־לַּכאי ר ֵָּ֥קָבַּכּ הָּ֖ י ְראְַו ןֶּ֑הי דְלי וּ ֣ צְב ְרי וָָּ֖דְחי הני ָ֔ע ְרִּת ֙בדָו ה ָָ֤רָפוּ
How is it conceivable that our collective consciousness fails to learn from horrific mistakes? Why
Yodefat (Jotapata),
pp. 2148-2173. pp. 17-50.
pp. 2148- 2173. pp. 17- 50Gamla, Migdal, and monuments in Rome? 68. Shaham, H., Dvira, Z. Barkay, G (2023). Two Noteworthy Byzantine Weights from
.
֙
ָ
ַֽ
׃ה ָדָה ו ֵּ֥ ֹ די לוּ ָּ֖ מָג י ָ֔נוֹעְפִּצ ת ַּ֣רוּאְמ לַּעְו ןֶתָּ֑פ ר֣ ח־לַּע קָּ֖ נוֹי עֵַּּ֥שֲעַֽ ִּשְו
ִּ
do we humans constantly repeat colossal mistakes and do not learn from too common and
rk
Dothan I
Re
mains from
Ma
:
, D.M.
ster
(E
d.)
, G.
ron
(2005
).
e
l
S
on. in:
ssi
a
y
mpre
I
II
49. Ba 49. Barkay, G. (2005). Iron II Seal Impression. in: Master, D.M. (Ed.) Dothan I: Remains from Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, Israel Numismatics Research 18: 141-152.
a
I
לְֹו וּע ֵּ֥ רי־אַֽלֹ
פ ׃םיַֽ ִּסַּכְמ םֵָּ֥יַּל םיַָּּ֖מַּכּ הָ֔והי־תֶא ֙הָע ד ץ ֶר ָ֗אָה הָ֣אְלָמ־יִּכּ י ִּּ֑ שְדָק רַּ֣ה־לָכְב וּתיִָּּ֖חְשַּי־א
ַֽ
ָ
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ִּ
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repetitive errors? Why do we not make the world better for our descendants? Are we bequeathing
Do We Learn from Our Mistakes?
the Tell ( 1953- 1964 ) . W inona L a ke , I nd .: Eisenbr a uns. pp. 171 - 172. 69. Amitai-Preiss, N. Dvira, Z. and Barkay, G. (forthcoming). An Early Muslim Period Clay ָ
the Tell (1953-1964). Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. pp. 171-172.
to them what our ancestors gifted us, specifically treasures and the wisdom found in the sacra
How is it conceivable that our collective consciousness fails to learn from horrific mistakes? Why
ht
An
e
S
ig
e
ll
nist
(2005
n a
).
A
ron
a
rsia
e
l
ic
S
a
e
nd
y
, G.
I
ge
nd P
a
W
50. Ba 50. Barkay, G. (2005). An Iron Age Stone Weight and Persian and Hellenistic Seal Sealing from the Temple Mount, Israel Exploration Journal.
rk
tone
He
This passage may be the oldest apocalyptic vision of future bliss in our sacred literatures.
do we humans constantly repeat colossal mistakes and do not learn from too common and
ssi
., Goldf
of
Impre scriptura which includes all inspired books? Recall the well-known maxim found in the Syriac 70. Snyder, F., Dvira, Z. and Barkay, G. (forthcoming). The Stones that the Salvagers
uba
rusal
ons
the J
ons.
e
Impressions. in: Arubas, B., Goldfus, H. (Ed.). Excavations on the Site of the Jerusalem
B
e
s,
H.
the Sit
us,
m
Ar
on
c
av
(E
ati
d.).
e
Ex
in:
repetitive errors? Why do we not make the world better for our descendants? Are we bequeathing
Menander (and in Tobit 4:15, the maxim attributed to Orion of Thebes, and Hillel, according to
Internat ional C onv e nti on C e nter ( Biny an e i Ha' um a) . P ortsmout h , R hode I s land : J ourna l of Rejected: How Understanding the Commercial Salvaging of Herodian Opus Sectile Tiles
International Convention Center (Binyanei Ha'uma). Portsmouth, Rhode Island: Journal of
to them what our ancestors gifted us, specifically treasures and the wisdom found in the sacra
the b Talmud, Shabbat 31a; cf. also the Diatessaron and Liber Graduum) and mirrored in Jesus’
Roman Archaeology. pp. 25-28.
Roman A rc ha e olog y . pp. 25 - 28. The author of Revelation foresaw heaven descending to earth and defining Jerusalem as the Holy
Aided in Reconstructing the Floor Patterns Used on the Temple Mount. Mendel-
scriptura which includes all inspired books? Recall the well-known maxim found in the Syriac
rk teachings (according to Mark 12:31, par. Mt 22:39; cf. Lev 19:15-18, Gal 5:14):
l
it
b
ing
Ta
of
y
ortr
P
il
a
a
a
51. Ba 51. Barkay, G. (2006). Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat City. No Temple is described; perhaps the author is prophesying that no one will need to seek to
e
R
P
P
, G.
ntaliz
R
, R
(2006
l
ies
).
:
o
lac
o
?
The
it
a
a
a
Geberovich, A. and Dvira, Z., eds. Proceedings of the First International Conference on
y
mat
ossi
y
Menander (and in Tobit 4:15, the maxim attributed to Orion of Thebes, and Hillel, according to
Raḥel. Raḥel. Biblical Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44. reach God in heaven. God will dwell among the faithful as he had in the very beginnings and all
hae
ology R
-
New Studies in Temple Mount Research, Jerusalem, May 18th, 2022. Jerusalem.
iew
32(5
44.
34
e
v
ical Arc
). pp.
Bibl
the b Talmud, Shabbat 31a; cf. also the Diatessaron and Liber Graduum) and mirrored in Jesus’
humans will relax with him in a pleasant abode.
rk
, G. Everything that is hateful to you,
52. Ba 52. Barkay, G. (2007). Is A Piece Of Herod'S Temple In St. Paul'S Cathedral? Biblical 71. Z. Dvira and G. Barkay, (forthcoming). The Eastern Area of the Temple Mount:
a
t.
e
ul
s
).
a
a
e
iec
P
S
A
y
I
a
Of
C
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e
ical
P
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(2007
Bibl
mpl
'
S
I
rod
n S
thedr
H
'
T
teachings (according to Mark 12:31, par. Mt 22:39; cf. Lev 19:15-18, Gal 5:14):
Archae Archaeology Review. 33(6). pp. 63-66. Topography and Site Formation Processes that Took Place in the Last Millennium.
ology R You should not wish to do that to your neighbor.
e
iew.
v
-
66.
33(
. 63
6). pp
What a dream that would be for those sweltering today like those suffering the wildfires on Maui
[SyrMen 250-51; Baarda in OTP 2.599]
rk
c
ons
va
ti
in
Ne
c
).
w Enc
a
The
the
Hol
y
olog
y
e
i
,
G. (2009
ha
e
of
dia
53. Ba 53. Barkay, G. (2009). The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Mendel-Geberovich, A. and Dvira, Z., eds. Proceedings of the First International
lop
c
a
Ar
a
y
c
l Ex
Everything that is hateful to you,
and all who under the sun are being chocked by hot winds; then again, the descendants of Adam
on J
.
plora
S
ntar
V
Volume
ter
59(2)
pp
y
u
pp.
Israe
n.
o
ti
l
y
5. S
leme
Ex
urnal
b
E.
ol. You should not wish to do that to your neighbor.
Land, Land, Vol. 5. Supplementary Volume by E. Stern. Israel Exploration Journal 59(2). pp. Conference on New Studies in Temple Mount Research, Jerusalem, May 18th, 2022.
would walk with the Creator in the coolness that defines the evening.
As the perspicacious philosophers, like George Santayana, have clarified: If we do not comprehend
248-251. [SyrMen 250-51; Baarda in OTP 2.599]
248-251. Jerusalem.
a
rk the horrifying mistakes in the past, we are prone to repeat the errors of the past. Let us now confess
e
v
e
iew
hae
Re
54. Ba 54. Barkay, G. (2009). The Riches of Ketef Hinnom. Biblical Archaeology Review. 35(4/5). 72. Z. Dvira and G. Barkay, The Temple Mount Sifting Project – Fourth Preliminary Report –
R
f Hinnom
). Th
. 35(4/5)
ical Arc
s
ology
G.
.
,
y
iche
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.
of Ke
(2009
Bibl
As the perspicacious philosophers, like George Santayana, have clarified: If we do not comprehend
pp. 23- that to continue some errors will now doom life on earth. Are we humans rapidly moving to leave Thanks to the preservation of the literature in the biblical documents, among the Dead Sea Scrolls,
-
126.
pp. 23-35; 122-126.
35; 122
The Prevalent Finds, Forthcoming.
the horrifying mistakes in the past, we are prone to repeat the errors of the past. Let us now confess
and the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old and New Testaments (as well as some so-called
55. Eshe behind only charred landscapes, waste, and bones like those from dinosaurs? S it e s in 73. R. Deutsch, A. Lemaire, G. Barkay, P.G. van der Veen and D. Itzhak, The Bulla of
B
.,
55. Eshel, H., Zissu, B., Barkay, G. (2011). Sixteen Bar Kokhba Coins from Roman Sites in
u, B
H.,
R
oman
a
Z
iss
l,
r
y
a
S
Kokhba
ka
ix
fr
om
).
(2011
n B
G.
,
tee
C
oins
r
17. pp. 91-
“Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An Embarrassing Forgery (in the present Festschrift).
ournal
c
J
Europe. Israel Numismatic Journal 17. pp. 91-97.
Europe that to continue some errors will now doom life on earth. Are we humans rapidly moving to leave patristic texts and Syriac manuscripts) we may read about heaven on earth and wonderful abodes
97.
.
l N
Israe
umismat
i
behind only charred landscapes, waste, and bones like those from dinosaurs?
urie
a
rk Fortunately, there is a second message from past generations. Is it one that provides hope and a
P
ical
?
ha
B
s
Bibl
'
Da
, G.
of
s
).
a
y
the
d in
W
ug
hter
o W
56. Ba 56. Barkay, G. (2013). Who Was Buried in the Tomb of Pharaoh's Daughter? Biblical in one of the heavens. In the Essene Thanksgiving Hymns, the Righteous Teacher imagines God is
(2013
Tomb
oh
h
ra
a
49.
-
Archae blessed future? What is the second most important insight we may obtain from studying our past helping him plant the renewed Garden of Eden. See especially 1QH 16 (Sukenik 8); in this column
v
iew
1). pp
Archaeology Review. 39(1). pp. 40-49.
ology R
e
. 40
. 39(
Fortunately, there is a second message from past generations. Is it one that provides hope and a
: ינודא for placing him
.)s the overflowing
y
the
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x
(2015
of
).
the
f
stem
l
a
J
y
ude
o
rk and sacra scriptura?
, G.
ti
57. Ba 57. Barkay, G. (2015). Evidence of the Taxation System of the Judean Kingdom - A Fiscal and the following one, the Righteous Teacher praises םילשורי .םילשוריב ןויצ רה“a 1964 ( .ג ,יאקרב 1 .
a
Kingdom
a
Evide
-
nc
Ta
on S
e
A F
n
.תוריתל רפסה תיב
blessed future? What is the second most important insight we may obtain from studying our past
e
n
d the
B
ull
isca
the S
a
f
f
mpl
the Te
nomenon
a
lopes
F
P
. in:
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Mount
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l
of
,
rom
2 .
Bulla Bulla from the Slopes of the Temple Mount and the Phenomenon of Fiscal Bullae. in: spring” in a parched land and as the Irrigator of the Garden (יקשמו ןג). How is that possible? In line
רסולפ 'ד
ז"כשת .יאקרב 'ג :ךרוע ,הדוהי רבדמ תוליגמ
and sacra scriptura?
Lubetski , M., L ube tski , E. (E ds.). Re c ordi ng ne w e pigra phic e v iden c e : e s say s in honor of 16.17, we read: םשג הרויכ יפב התמש ילא התאו. God has placed in the mouth of the Teacher water like
Lubetski, M., Lubetski, E. (Eds.). Recording new epigraphic evidence: essays in honor of
לארשיל תיטמסימונה הרבחה ןולע
5
.ןיסירפק ,סימאלסמ יאני רדנסכלא לש עבטמ .)
( .ג ,יאקרב
64-
'מע .
3 .
1973
Apocalypses: Dream Literature of Antiquity
Robert Deutsch. Jerusalem. Pp 17-50.
Robert De utsch . J e rusa le m. P p 17 - 50. gentle rain. . 65
Early Israelites, Jews, and Christians bequeath to us the great dream literature of our past. Isaiah
Apocalypses: Dream Literature of Antiquity
ssi
(201
Y.,
s, O.,
d,
I
S
e
a
L
tamp
Ga
. (E
6).
u
ds.).
ipschit
Thr
e
y
dot,
L
n:
re
ons.
, G.
F
I
58. Ba 58. Barkay, G. (2016). Three Stamp Impressions. In: Lipschits, O., Gadot, Y., Freud, L. (Eds.). .ו תוינומדק .ןשבה ןופצב םייגולואיכרא םידירש .) 1974 ( .ע ,רנולק ,.ע ,רזמ ,.ג ,יאקרב ,.צ ,ןליא ,.ד ,ןמרוא 4 .
mpre
rk Early Israelites, Jews, and Christians bequeath to us the great dream literature of our past. Isaiah
foresaw a time when the leopard will lie down with the kid, and a baby will play over the asp’s
-
s
Ramat-Raḥel III: Final Publication of Yohanan Aharoni's Excavations (1954, 1959-1962).
Raḥe
c
av
Final
ati
)
.
Ramat foresaw a time when the leopard will lie down with the kid, and a baby will play over the asp’s Enoch who had “walked with God” is ultimately hailed celestially as “that Son of Ma 85-90 'מע
:
ati
19
(
54, 1959
Publi
.n.” An angel
1962
ohanan Aharoni'
ons
-
I
Y
II
l
Ex
on of
c
hole. In that blessed future there will be permanent and perfect peace “on all (God’s) holy
ons
ndand perfect peace
Eisenbr
e
:
c
l Aviv
I
a
r
ti
:
a
uns
,
in
ke
Winona L aIn that blessed future there will be permanent C laire Ya ss P ubli“on all (God’s) promises Enoch, that he is “that Son of Man,” who brings peace that will last forever (1En 71:14 5 .-
a
T
hole.
y
Eme
;
ndiana
Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns; Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in holy
ץראו עבט
.ןשבה ןופצב רבע ידירש .)
1974
'מע .ז"ט
( .ע ,רנולק ,.ג ,יאקרב ,.ד ,ןמרוא ,.ע ,רזמ ,.צ ,ןליא
ְב). Recall Isaiah 11:6-9:
mountain” (י ִּּ֑שְדָק רַּ֣ה־לָכ
Archa mountain” (י ִּּ֑שְדָק רַּ֣ה־לָכ ְב). Recall Isaiah 11:6-9: 17). . 162-167
704.
-
y
y
Te
,
. pp. 730
niver
olog
e
l Aviv U
sit
Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 730-704.
a
, G.
59. Ba 59. Barkay, G. and Dvira, Z. (2015). The Temple Mount Sifting Project: An Introduction. 'מע .'ח תוינומדק .ןושאר - תיב ימיב םילשורי לש ינופצה תורבקה - תיב .) 1975 ( .ע ,רנולק .ע ,רזמ .ג ,יאקרב 6 .
T
M
).
.
Sif
nd
rk
Dvir
ti
on
ti
Projec
a
e
ng
. (2015
a
T
y
t: An Introduc
, Z
ount
he
e
mpl
And the wolf with the lamb shall dwell together.
g
olo
on
da
y
F
Israel A rc ha e And the wolf with the lamb shall dwell together. Other Jews, anticipate the appearance of “the Messiah … from the posterity of David,” who “will
. J
e
rusa
oun
lem.
Israel Archaeology Foundation. Jerusalem.
ti
.
71-76
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S
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.
60. Ba 60. Barkay, G. & Dvira, Z. (2016). Relics in Rubble: The Temple Mount Sifting Project. deliver in mercy the remnant of my people, those who have been saved throughout my borders,
a
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,
(2016
R
s
in
roje
e
ifting
R
li
Dvir
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y
Te
ץראה תעידיב םינויע :םיפונ
&
a
, G.
).
mpl
ubble: The
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תב לבוי לגרל ;היגולואיכראה יארב םי־תב .)
1926
7 .
.
-
1976
( .ג ,יאקרב
הדסונ ,םי
11
I cherish the time I was a professor in Naples and studied the slave quarters in Pompeii and Herculaneum. I am
11
Biblical Archaeology Review. 42(6). pp. 44-64.
I cherish the time I was a professor in Naples and studied the slave quarters in Pompeii and Herculaneum. I am
Biblical Arc hae ology R e v iew . 42(6 ). pp. 44- 64. and he will make them joyful until the end comes, …” (4Ezra 12:32-34; Metzger in OTP 1). This
5
.
'מע .
65-70
convinced that a cross has been found in the slave quarters at Herculaneum. The sun breaks through a window and
convinced that a cross has been found in the slave quarters at Herculaneum. The sun breaks through a window and
ik
Te
L
Z
ook
a
Mount
e
&
e
.
rka
the
. (2016
loor
.,
e
61. Sn 61. Snyder, F., Barkay, G., & Dvira, Z. (2016). What the Temple Mount Floor Looked Like.
B
y
,
mpl
, G.,
d
L
h
r, F
W
t
).
F
y
Dvira
a
de
hits the cross. Others imagine the “cross” was only the backing of something else.
hits the cross. Others imagine the “cross” was only the backing of something else.
Biblical Arc hae ology R e v iew . 42(6 ). pp. 56- 59.
Biblical Archaeology Review. 42(6). pp. 56-59.
XXIV 7
