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Hinnom: A New Edition and Evaluation. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental
representing Judea, were trapped in Jerusalem during the horrific war against Rome from 66 to 70,
And the leopard with the young goat shall lie down.

5. The first evidence for fiscal clay sealings from controlled archaeological work, Hinnom: h (334 ). w Editi o n an d Eva luation. Bullet in of the Am e rican Sc hools of Orie ntal Jearim (Deir el-‘Azhar): Archaeological Investigations of a Biblical Town in the Judean
7
pp. 41-
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Hill Country.” Israel Exploration Journal 68. Pp 30-49.
Researc
Research (334). pp. 41-71.
which continued on at Masada until 73 or 74. With the Roman armies and future emperor, Titus,
And the calf and the young lion and the fattened-animal together.
shedding light on the taxation system in Judah during the First Temple period. 44. Ba 44. Barkay, G. (2003). Mounds of Mystery. Biblical Archaeology Review 29(3) 32-39. 63. Snyder, F., Barkay, G. and Dvira, Z. (2019). Reconstruction of a Crusader “opus sectile”
17
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outside the walls of “the Holy City,” the two Jewish leaders continued to slaughter each other,
And a small boy shall lead them.
6. Locating the biblical place 'Gan Uza,' where the kings of Judah who were not buried in 45. Ba 45. Barkay, G., Ussishkin, D. (2004). The Late Bronze Age Strata. In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). The floor in the dome of the rock based on “picturesque Palestine” illustrations and finds from
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And the cow and the bear shall graze [together],
the tombs of the House of David were interred, at the traditional structure known today Renew even burning the other’s food supplies, and suffering unimaginable famine. It was so maddening the Temple Mount sifting project. Exploring the Holy Land 150. pp. 81-98.
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Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) I,2. Tel Aviv: Emery and
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Their young shall lie down together.
as David's Tomb on Mt. Zion. Claire that, according to Josephus, a Jewish mother cooked and ate her infant son. When Jerusalem fell 64. Ludvik, G. E., Kenoyer J. M., Cohen-Klonymus, H., Barkay G., and Dvira, Z. (2022)
18
representing Judea, were trapped in Jerusalem during the horrific war against Rome from 66 to 70,
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Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 316-411.
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in 70 CE to the Roman troops, Jews were taken captive and some were paraded in Rome and others
And the lion as the ox shall eat straw.
which continued on at Masada until 73 or 74. With the Roman armies and future emperor, Titus,
19
7. Identification of biblical Nob at the French hill. 46. Ba 46. Barkay, G., Ussishkin, D. (2004). The Iron Age Strata. In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). The Stone Beads from the Temple Mount, Jerusalem: A relative chronology through high-
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And the nursing child shall play over the hole of the cobra.
outside the walls of “the Holy City,” the two Jewish leaders continued to slaughter each other,
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Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) II. Tel Aviv: Emery and
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There are many more studies that Barkay has not yet published, and unfortunately, since 2020, Renew were enslaved in Pompeii and Herculaneum. ( 1973 - 1994 ) II . Te l Av iv: Eme r y a n d resolution studies of bead technology. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 14
And the weaned child shall put its hand on the viper’s den.
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he has been suffering from a serious illness that limits his mobility and energy. However, he Claire even burning the other’s food supplies, and suffering unimaginable famine. It was so maddening (6): 115
Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 411-503.
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that, according to Josephus, a Jewish mother cooked and ate her infant son. When Jerusalem fell
All these calamities are selections of what plagued Jews and early Christians for at least five

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has not given up on publishing some of this work with the help of research assistants. A 47. Ba 47. Barkay, G. (2004). A Balance Beam. In: Ussishkin, D (Ed.). The Renewed Archaeological 65. Van der Veen, P. G., Deutsch, R., & Barkay, G. (2016). Reconsidering the authenticity of
in 70 CE to the Roman troops, Jews were taken captive and some were paraded in Rome and others
centuries (from approximately 200 BCE to 300 CE). Why do we not learn from these events that
For the earth will be full of the knowledge of the LORD (הָָ֔והְי),
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noteworthy piece of research, which he has been conducting for many years and will be Excav Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994) IV. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in the Berekhyahu Bullae: a rejoinder.
Aviv: 11
were enslaved in Pompeii and Herculaneum.
are confirmed in excavations today not only around Jerusalem but also elsewhere, including
As the waters cover the sea.
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2088.
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. pp. 2084
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published in a forthcoming book, is about the Book of Songs of Songs from an archaeological Archa Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 2084-2088. 66. Dvira, Z., & Barkay, G. (2021). Clay Sealings from the Temple Mount and Their Use in

Yodefat (Jotapata), Gamla, Migdal, and monuments in Rome?
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ו ָ֔דְחי ֙אי ִּרְמוּ ריִָּ֤פְכוּ לֶג ֨עְו ץָּ֑ב ְרי יִּ֣דְג־םִּע רָּ֖ מנְו שֶׂב ָ֔כּ־םִּע ֙ב אז רָָ֤גְו
All these calamities are selections of what plagued Jews and early Christians for at least five
and historical perspective. In this research, Barkay brings to light evidence that the book was 48. Ba 48. Barkay, G., Vaughn, A.G. (2004). The Royal and Official Seal Impressions from Lachish. the Temple and Royal Treasuries. Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology 2: 41–75. ָ ֶ ְ

In: Ussishkin, D. (Ed.). The Renewed Archaeological Excavations at Lachish (1973-1994)
centuries (from approximately 200 BCE to 300 CE). Why do we not learn from these events that
originally composed during the Iron Age IIA. In: Ussishki n, D. (E d.). T he Re ne w e d Ar c hae olo gical Ex c av ati ons at L ac h ish ( 1973 - 1994 ) 67. Barkay, G., and Deutsch, R. (2022). An Additional Fiscal Bulla from the City of David.

ַֽ

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Do We Learn from Our Mistakes?

ֹ

׃ןֶבַֽ ֶת־לַּכאי ר ֵָּ֥קָבַּכּ הָּ֖ י ְראְַו ןֶּ֑הי דְלי וּ ֣ צְב ְרי וָָּ֖דְחי הני ָ֔ע ְרִּת ֙בדָו ה ָָ֤רָפוּ

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IV. Tel Aviv: Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology, Tel Aviv University.
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An additional forthcoming publication is about the biblical laws of the stranger, the fatherless, IV. Te are confirmed in excavations today not only around Jerusalem but also elsewhere, including Epigraphy, iconography, and the Bible: 77-83.
How is it conceivable that our collective consciousness fails to learn from horrific mistakes? Why
Yodefat (Jotapata),
pp. 2148-

50Gamla, Migdal, and monuments in Rome?
2173. pp. 17-
pp. 2148-2173. pp. 17-50.
.

ָ
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׃ה ָדָה ו ֵּ֥ ֹ די לוּ ָּ֖ מָג י ָ֔נוֹעְפִּצ ת ַּ֣רוּאְמ לַּעְו ןֶתָּ֑פ ר֣ ח־לַּע קָּ֖ נוֹי עֵַּּ֥שֲעַֽ ִּשְו

ִּ

and the widow in light of ancient Hebrew inscriptions from Jerusalem and its surroundings. 49. Ba 49. Barkay, G. (2005). Iron II Seal Impression. in: Master, D.M. (Ed.) Dothan I: Remains from 68. Shaham, H., Dvira, Z. Barkay, G (2023). Two Noteworthy Byzantine Weights from
do we humans constantly repeat colossal mistakes and do not learn from too common and
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mains from
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Jerusalem’s Temple Mount, Israel Numismatics Research 18: 141-152.
).
on. in:
Ma
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the Tell ( 1953- 1964 ) . W inona L a ke , I nd .: Eisenbr a uns. pp. 171 - 172. 69. Amitai-Preiss, N. Dvira, Z. and Barkay, G. (forthcoming). An Early Muslim Period Clay ָ

ָ
פ ׃םיַֽ ִּסַּכְמ םֵָּ֥יַּל םיַָּּ֖מַּכּ הָ֔והי־תֶא ֙הָע ד ץ ֶר ָ֗אָה הָ֣אְלָמ־יִּכּ י ִּּ֑ שְדָק רַּ֣ה־לָכְב וּתיִָּּ֖חְשַּי־א
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repetitive errors? Why do we not make the world better for our descendants? Are we bequeathing
Do We Learn from Our Mistakes?
the Tell (1953-1964). Winona Lake, Ind.: Eisenbrauns. pp. 171-172.
to them what our ancestors gifted us, specifically treasures and the wisdom found in the sacra
Summary 50. Ba 50. Barkay, G. (2005). An Iron Age Stone Weight and Persian and Hellenistic Seal Sealing from the Temple Mount, Israel Exploration Journal.
How is it conceivable that our collective consciousness fails to learn from horrific mistakes? Why

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This passage may be the oldest apocalyptic vision of future bliss in our sacred literatures.
To sum up, Gabriel Barkay can certainly be ranked among the "giants" of archaeology in Impre scriptura which includes all inspired books? Recall the well-known maxim found in the Syriac 70. Snyder, F., Dvira, Z. and Barkay, G. (forthcoming). The Stones that the Salvagers
do we humans constantly repeat colossal mistakes and do not learn from too common and
in:
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Impressions. in: Arubas, B., Goldfus, H. (Ed.). Excavations on the Site of the Jerusalem

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repetitive errors? Why do we not make the world better for our descendants? Are we bequeathing
Menander (and in Tobit 4:15, the maxim attributed to Orion of Thebes, and Hillel, according to
Jerusalem and Israel. His place in this esteemed group is not only due to his extensive Internat ional C onv e nti on C e nter ( Biny an e i Ha' um a) . P ortsmout h , R hode I s land : J ourna l of Rejected: How Understanding the Commercial Salvaging of Herodian Opus Sectile Tiles
International Convention Center (Binyanei Ha'uma). Portsmouth, Rhode Island: Journal of
to them what our ancestors gifted us, specifically treasures and the wisdom found in the sacra
the b Talmud, Shabbat 31a; cf. also the Diatessaron and Liber Graduum) and mirrored in Jesus’
knowledge, numerous publications, and discoveries but also because of his tireless efforts to Roman A rc ha e olog y . pp. 25 - 28. The author of Revelation foresaw heaven descending to earth and defining Jerusalem as the Holy
Roman Archaeology. pp. 25-28.
Aided in Reconstructing the Floor Patterns Used on the Temple Mount. Mendel-
scriptura which includes all inspired books? Recall the well-known maxim found in the Syriac
ae
Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory
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Barkay Barkay guiding a group of archaeologists visiting the Temple Mount Sifting Project laboratory bring this heritage to the public through teaching, lecturing, and media appearances. Barkay 51. Ba 51. Barkay, G. (2006). Royal Palace, Royal Portrait?: The Tantalizing Possibilities of Ramat City. No Temple is described; perhaps the author is prophesying that no one will need to seek to
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Geberovich, A. and Dvira, Z., eds. Proceedings of the First International Conference on
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(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Photo: Temple Mount Sifting Project)
(Photo: T em p le Mo u n t Si f ti n g P r o j ec t ) Raḥel. Menander (and in Tobit 4:15, the maxim attributed to Orion of Thebes, and Hillel, according to reach God in heaven. God will dwell among the faithful as he had in the very beginnings and all
Bibl
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believes that archaeology serves as a vital link between the past and the present, and he rk Raḥel. Biblical Archaeology Review 32(5). pp. 34-44. New Studies in Temple Mount Research, Jerusalem, May 18th, 2022. Jerusalem.
the b Talmud, Shabbat 31a; cf. also the Diatessaron and Liber Graduum) and mirrored in Jesus’
humans will relax with him in a pleasant abode.
, G. Everything that is hateful to you,
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teachings (according to Mark 12:31, par. Mt 22:39; cf. Lev 19:15-18, Gal 5:14):
icant P
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Other Other Significant Publications embodies this principle through his actions. Even today, despite his severe illness, he does not 52. Ba 52. Barkay, G. (2007). Is A Piece Of Herod'S Temple In St. Paul'S Cathedral? Biblical 71. Z. Dvira and G. Barkay, (forthcoming). The Eastern Area of the Temple Mount:
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Other Significant Publications

Archae
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Topography and Site Formation Processes that Took Place in the Last Millennium.
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Archaeology Review. 33(6). pp. 63-66.

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Gabi's Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not refuse an invitation to speak, whether it be via an online video broadcast or in person, despite 53. Ba 53. Barkay, G. (2009). The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Mendel-Geberovich, A. and Dvira, Z., eds. Proceedings of the First International
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Gabi's publications vary and include many innovative ideas and proposals that are not
What a dream that would be for those sweltering today like those suffering the wildfires on Maui
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[SyrMen 250-51; Baarda in OTP 2.599]
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Everything that is hateful to you,
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
necessa ril y a ssocia ted w it h the e x c a va ti ons he ha s be e n invol ve d in. Hi s re se a rc h usua ll y his difficulties in traveling. Land, Land, Vol. 5. Supplementary Volume by E. Stern. Israel Exploration Journal 59(2). pp. Conference on New Studies in Temple Mount Research, Jerusalem, May 18th, 2022.
and all who under the sun are being chocked by hot winds; then again, the descendants of Adam
necessarily associated with the excavations he has been involved in. His research usually
.
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adopts adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or On his 80th birthday, we wish Professor Gabriel Barkay good health, strength, and happiness 248-251. Jerusalem.
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would walk with the Creator in the coolness that defines the evening.
adopts a maximalist approach on issues such as the size of First Temple Period Jerusalem, or
As the perspicacious philosophers, like George Santayana, have clarified: If we do not comprehend

248-251. [SyrMen 250-51; Baarda in OTP 2.599]
the hist oric a l c ore of the bibl ica l na rr a ti ve , a nd h e pre se nts it in a ve r y c onvincing manne r . in all aspects of his life. We express our deep gratitude for his significant contributions to the 54. Ba 54. Barkay, G. (2009). The Riches of Ketef Hinnom. Biblical Archaeology Review. 35(4/5). 72. Z. Dvira and G. Barkay, The Temple Mount Sifting Project – Fourth Preliminary Report –
the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.

a
rk the horrifying mistakes in the past, we are prone to repeat the errors of the past. Let us now confess
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the historical core of the biblical narrative, and he presents it in a very convincing manner.
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Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
Below a re som e se le c ted subj e c ts that re p re se nt h is innovative re se a rc h a tt it ude a nd c r e a ti ve heritage of Jerusalem and the Land of Israel. pp. 23- that to continue some errors will now doom life on earth. Are we humans rapidly moving to leave Thanks to the preservation of the literature in the biblical documents, among the Dead Sea Scrolls,
As the perspicacious philosophers, like George Santayana, have clarified: If we do not comprehend
126.
35; 122
The Prevalent Finds, Forthcoming.
-
pp. 23-35; 122-126.
Below are some selected subjects that represent his innovative research attitude and creative
the horrifying mistakes in the past, we are prone to repeat the errors of the past. Let us now confess
thoug thought: 55. Eshe behind only charred landscapes, waste, and bones like those from dinosaurs? S it e s in 73. R. Deutsch, A. Lemaire, G. Barkay, P.G. van der Veen and D. Itzhak, The Bulla of

ht:
and the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old and New Testaments (as well as some so-called
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55. Eshel, H., Zissu, B., Barkay, G. (2011). Sixteen Bar Kokhba Coins from Roman Sites in
n B
a
B
om
.,
thought:
13
1. The fir st attempt to re c on struc t t he siz e of I ron A ge J e rusa lem ba se d on bur ial da ta. 13 Europe that to continue some errors will now doom life on earth. Are we humans rapidly moving to leave patristic texts and Syriac manuscripts) we may read about heaven on earth and wonderful abodes
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
13

.
umismat
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“Shema, Servant of Jeroboam” An Embarrassing Forgery (in the present Festschrift).
ournal
97.
i
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Europe. Israel Numismatic Journal 17. pp. 91-97.
J
17. pp. 91-
1. The first attempt to reconstruct the size of Iron Age Jerusalem based on burial data.
behind only charred landscapes, waste, and bones like those from dinosaurs?
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2. Re 2. Relocation of the biblical place named Ir-David from the summit of the hill ridge to a 56. Ba 56. Barkay, G. (2013). Who Was Buried in the Tomb of Pharaoh's Daughter? Biblical in one of the heavens. In the Essene Thanksgiving Hymns, the Righteous Teacher imagines God is
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and sacra scriptura?
I.
15
Lubetski, M., Lubetski, E. (Eds.). Recording new epigraphic evidence: essays in honor of
לארשיל תיטמסימונה הרבחה ןולע
3 .
Apocalypses: Dream Literature of Antiquity

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4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City. 16 16 Lubetski , M., L ube tski , E. (E ds.). Re c ordi ng ne w e pigra phic e v iden c e : e s say s in honor of 16.17, we read: םשג הרויכ יפב התמש ילא התאו. God has placed in the mouth of the Teacher water like
4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City.

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4. The possibility of a Late Bronze Age Egyptian temple that stood north of the City. Robert De utsch . J e rusa le m. P p 17 - 50. gentle rain. . 65
Robert Deutsch. Jerusalem. Pp 17-50.
Early Israelites, Jews, and Christians bequeath to us the great dream literature of our past. Isaiah
Apocalypses: Dream Literature of Antiquity
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58. Ba 58. Barkay, G. (2016). Three Stamp Impressions. In: Lipschits, O., Gadot, Y., Freud, L. (Eds.). .ו תוינומדק .ןשבה ןופצב םייגולואיכרא םידירש .) 1974 ( .ע ,רנולק ,.ע ,רזמ ,.ג ,יאקרב ,.צ ,ןליא ,.ד ,ןמרוא 4 .
mpre
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hole. In that blessed future there will be permanent and perfect peace “on all (God’s) holy

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13 See no See note. 3. Winona L aIn that blessed future there will be permanent C laire Ya ss P ubli“on all (God’s) promises Enoch, that he is “that Son of Man,” who brings peace that will last forever (1En 71:14 5 .-
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ְב). Recall Isaiah 11:6-9:
mountain” (י ִּּ֑שְדָק רַּ֣ה־לָכ
14 G. B 13 G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of arkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of 17 G. Barkay (2015). "Evidence of the Taxation System of the Judean Kingdom - A Fiscal Bulla from the Slopes Archa mountain” (י ִּּ֑שְדָק רַּ֣ה־לָכ ְב). Recall Isaiah 11:6-9: 17). . 162-167
14
sit
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Archaeology, Tel Aviv University. pp. 730-704.
Te
See note. 3.
704.
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olog
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Ancien 14 Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) t Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) of the Temple Mount and the Phenomenon of Fiscal Bullae". in: M. Lubetski and E. Lubetski (Eds.). Recording
G. Barkay (2006). "City of David – A Glossary of Terms". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of

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15 G. Bar G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient New Epigraphic Evidence: Essays in Honor of Robert Deutsch. Jerusalem. pp 17-50. 59. Ba 59. Barkay, G. and Dvira, Z. (2015). The Temple Mount Sifting Project: An Introduction. 'מע .'ח תוינומדק .ןושאר - תיב ימיב םילשורי לש ינופצה תורבקה - תיב .) 1975 ( .ע ,רנולק .ע ,רזמ .ג ,יאקרב 6 .
15
Ancient Jerusalem 1. pp. 7-19. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)

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Israel Archaeology Foundation. Jerusalem.
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15 Jerusalem 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew) 8. pp. 79-99. Jerusalem. (Hebrew)
Jerusalem 18 G. Barkay (1977). "Towards the problem of locating the Tombs of the last Kings of the House of David". In Israel A rc ha e And the wolf with the lamb shall dwell together. Other Jews, anticipate the appearance of “the Messiah … from the posterity of David,” who “will
G. Barkay (2013). "Absalom's Tomb: New Thoughts". in: E. Meiron (ed.). City of David Studies of Ancient

16
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).
rk
16 G. Bark a y ( 1996) . " A L a t e B r on z e A g e E gy pt ia n T em p le i n J er u s ale m ? " . I s r a el E xp lo r a tio n Jo u r n a l 46( 1/ 2 ) . M. Broshi (ed.). Between Hermon and Sinai. Jerusalem. pp. 75-92 (Hebrew). 60. Ba 60. Barkay, G. & Dvira, Z. (2016). Relics in Rubble: The Temple Mount Sifting Project. deliver in mercy the remnant of my people, those who have been saved throughout my borders,
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11
I cherish the time I was a professor in Naples and studied the slave quarters in Pompeii and Herculaneum. I am
pp. 23- 16 pp. 23-43. 43. 19 G. Barkay (2018). "Towards the identification of Nob: a biblical priestly town", Eretz Israel: archaeological, Biblical Arc hae ology R e v iew . 42(6 ). pp. 44- 64. and he will make them joyful until the end comes, …” (4Ezra 12:32-34; Metzger in OTP 1). This
11
G. Barkay (1996). "A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem?". Israel Exploration Journal 46(1/2).
Biblical Archaeology Review. 42(6). pp. 44-64.
I cherish the time I was a professor in Naples and studied the slave quarters in Pompeii and Herculaneum. I am
'מע .
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convinced that a cross has been found in the slave quarters at Herculaneum. The sun breaks through a window and
convinced that a cross has been found in the slave quarters at Herculaneum. The sun breaks through a window and
pp. 23-43. historical and geographical studies 33, pp. 130-131. 61. Sn 61. Snyder, F., Barkay, G., & Dvira, Z. (2016). What the Temple Mount Floor Looked Like.
rka
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the
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hits the cross. Others imagine the “cross” was only the backing of something else.
hits the cross. Others imagine the “cross” was only the backing of something else.
Biblical Archaeology Review. 42(6). pp. 56-59.
Biblical Arc hae ology R e v iew . 42(6 ). pp. 56- 59.

XXI 6 XXV

רב
)ךרוע( .מ ,ישורב :ךותב .םינורחאה דוד תיב יכלמםהי
)
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ןומרח ןומרח ןיבךרוע ( .מ ,י שורב :ךותב .םי נ ורח אה דו ד תי ב י כ למ לש לש םהירבק םוקמ תייעבל .)( 1977אק רב . 8 8 . הרובק יגהונו םירבק .)ךרוע( .א ,רגניז :ךותב .ארקמה תפוקתב הדוהיב הרובקו םירבק .) 1994 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 46

.)
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. 75-92 . 75-92 .ם 'מע .םילשורי . יניסל . 96-164 'מע .היתוקיתעו לארשי - ץרא תריקחל הרבחה ;יבצ - ןב קחצי די :םילשורי .הקיתעה תעב לארשי - ץראב
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BIBLIOGRAPHY GABRIEL BARKAY Biblical Archaeology, Jerusalem, June-July 1990. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & We also, in the last one hundred years, probably due to the rapidly depleting earth, two world wars First, with sadness, we should all be able to imagine the horror and pain suffered by too many Jews

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Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. pp. 106-109. and the “bomb,” have been warned of a doomsday scenario. These compositions mirror our shaken and Christians, beginning over two thousand years ago in the land we call the Holy Land, Palestine,
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BIBLIOGRAPHY GABRIEL BARKAY . 69-71 . 69-713 'מע .י 3-2ינו תוינומדק- .ריעהרש לש הי י נ ש הל וב .) 1977 1977אק רב . 10 . 10 . 19-21 'מע
optimism. The list would include at least Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin’ My [We] published in the
23. Barkay, G. (1994). Excavations at Ketef Hinnom in Jerusalem. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient .לאירא :ם י לשורי . דל ו מה דלומה תיסנכו םחל תיברוע( .א ,רליש :ךות ב .םח ב .םחל תיב תוינומדק .)( 1980אק רב . 11 . 11 or Israel. I have seen the first-century burnt houses visible in underground Jerusalem, felt the burnt
.
.לאירא :םילשורי .
ת
םוניה ףתכ תוריפח .)
נ
ומ
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ת
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ל
1994
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1. Barkay, G., et al. (1974). Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pp. 85-106. USA in 1924, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932), George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) debris beneath the Temple’s walls, seen the remains of humans, and examined the potshards of
We also, in the last one hundred years, probably due to the rapidly depleting earth, two world wars
First, with sadness, we should all be able to imagine the horror and pain suffered by too many Jews
.תיארקמה שיכל רחא םישופיחה .)
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.
'מע .
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22-27
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1995
22-27

םיפונ
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Report) Israel Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184. 24. Barkay, G. (1994). A Second "Governor of the City" Bulla. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient and his Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), and finally Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 (1953). What those who hid in sewers from the blood-thirsty Roman soldiers. Since the 1950s, sophisticated
and Christians, beginning over two thousand years ago in the land we call the Holy Land, Palestine,
and the “bomb,” have been warned of a doomsday scenario. These compositions mirror our shaken
ז
ומ
50
לשורי לש ם
( .ג ,יאקרב
1995
.
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1. Barkay, G., et al. (1974). Archaeological Survey in the Northern Bashan: (Preliminary Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pp. 141-144.* will future generations enjoy or suffer? In light of the horrors now being seen and experienced in archaeologists have uncovered evidence of some of the most horrible events in human history and
2. Barkay, G., Kloner, A. (1976). Notes and News: Burial Caves North Damascus Gate,
ס
1981
.

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Report) Israel Exploration Journal 24. pp. 173-184. 25. Barkay, G., Kloner, A., Mazar, A. (1994). The Northern Necropolis of Jerusalem During optimism. The list would include at least Yevgeny Ivanovich Zamyatin’ My [We] published in the or Israel. I have seen the first-century burnt houses visible in underground Jerusalem, felt the burnt
it is notably poignant in the Galilean Yodfat and in the Judean Jerusalem.
Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Journal 26. pp. 55-57.
8
Iran, Greece, Israel, China, Russia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, North Korea, South America, and the
14
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2. Barkay, G., Kloner, A. (1976). Notes and News: Burial Caves North Damascus Gate, the First Temple Period. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). Ancient Jerusalem Revealed. Jerusalem: Israel USA in 1924, Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World (1932), George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945) debris beneath the Temple’s walls, seen the remains of humans, and examined the potshards of
and his Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), and finally Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 (1953). What
3. Barkay, G. (1976). Notes and News: St. Andrew's Church, Jerusalem. Israel Exploration
those who hid in sewers from the blood-thirsty Roman soldiers. Since the 1950s, sophisticated
15
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Jerusalem. Israel Exploration Journal 26. pp. 55-57. Exploration Society. pp. 119-127.* United States – at least – it is not easy to remain optimistic. During our time, we must not forget archaeologists have uncovered evidence of some of the most horrible events in human history and
will future generations enjoy or suffer? In light of the horrors now being seen and experienced in
Journal 26. pp. 57-58.
ה .)
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3. Barkay, G. (1976). Notes and News: St. Andrew's Church, Jerusalem. Israel Exploration 26. Barkay, G. (1995). The King of Babylonia or a Judaean Official? Israel Exploration the horrors in the 1940s, notably Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And is any event as horrific as the What about the so-called Dead Sea Scrolls found on the western shores of the Dead Sea? Despite
8
it is notably poignant in the Galilean Yodfat and in the Judean Jerusalem.
Iran, Greece, Israel, China, Russia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, North Korea, South America, and the
4. Barkay, G. (1977). A Coin of Alexander Jannaeus from Cyprus. Israel Exploration
impressive advancements in poetic thought, the development of “the Holy Spirit” from God, and

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Journal 26. pp. 57-58. Journal 45(1). pp. 41-47. Sho’ah (the misnamed Holocaust which means a whole burnt offering pleasing to God) when . 13-24 'מע . 119-120 לאירא .ןושארה תיבה ימיבו התישארב םילשורי .) 1996 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 54
United States – at least – it is not easy to remain optimistic. During our time, we must not forget
Journal 27. pp. 119-120.
רב
42-44
'מע .
אה ן
.
.
'מע .17
.
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119-120
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42-4416
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1996
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.
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55
םודרק .םיעושיה תובאה ןואיזומ .)( .ג ,י

1981
.)
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4. Barkay, G. (1977). A Coin of Alexander Jannaeus from Cyprus. Israel Exploration 27. Barkay, G. & Vaughn, A.G. (1995). An Official Seal Impression from Lachish Nazis and their collaborators, in a country of gifted humans that had contributed innumerable insightful apocalyptic speculations, the Essenes institutionalized hatred and cursed all who were
the horrors in the 1940s, notably Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And is any event as horrific as the
What about the so-called Dead Sea Scrolls found on the western shores of the Dead Sea? Despite
5. Barkay, G. (1978). A Group of Iron Age Scale Weights. Israel Exploration Journal 28, 4.
םו
דר
16-17ק
19
תוק
םודרקלק
.
1981אק
19
ב
.)ק
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.
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4516
1981
ף
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.
316-317
( .ג ,יאקרב
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45
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Journal 27. pp. 119-120. Reconsidered. Tel Aviv 22,1. pp. 94-97. advances to our culture, endeavored to annihilate a whole race of humans as well as Gypsies (Roma not born like them. They claimed to be “the Sons of Light” and all others, including the priests in
impressive advancements in poetic thought, the development of “the Holy Spirit” from God, and
Sho’ah (the misnamed Holocaust which means a whole burnt offering pleasing to God) when
pp. 209-217.
1981אק to suffice.
1996
56
.)
1981
'מע .ו"ט לארשירא .לזרב
( .ג ,יאקרב
.
288-296 .ו"
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. 296
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:
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ץרא ךרד
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-
שי
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( .ג ,יאקרב
ר
Nazis and their collaborators, in a country of gifted humans that had contributed innumerable
insightful apocalyptic speculations, the Essenes institutionalized hatred and cursed all who were
5. Barkay, G. (1978). A Group of Iron Age Scale Weights. Israel Exploration Journal 28, 4. 28. Barkay, G. (1996). A Late Bronze Age Egyptian Temple in Jerusalem? Israel Exploration and Sinti), homosexuals, and even Jehovah’s - Witnesses? Why? No answer seems רב . 20 . 20 the Temple, were “the Sons of Darkness.” Birth and predestination defined the status of each
6. Barkay, G. (1979). The Cubit of the Old Standard - Archaeological Consideration of a
Perhaps
- out of
" .)(
"
י

,
( .ש ,ןוסביג ,.ג ,יאקרב ,.מ ,ישורב
22-29
וס
אק
רב

ביבא
דיל ןושארמ
תורעמ יתשפתמ

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תיב ימימ הרובקורעמ
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.
21
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,י
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)
לכ
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advances to our culture, endeavored to annihilate a whole race of humans as well as Gypsies (Roma
not born like them. They claimed to be “the Sons of Light” and all others, including the priests in
pp. 209-217. Journal 46(1/2). pp. 23-43. דיל ןושאר - ת the “leaders” acted תש - " ן י נ - unfounded hatred of over six million Jews because of . their human. The Essenes predicted “the Sons of Darkness” would suffer eternal damnation. All those
Problem in Biblical Metrology. in: Sixth Archaeological Conference in Israel (Tel-Aviv,
9
רעמה המ
וחto suff
י
םודקה חרזמהו ארקמה רקחל ןותנש
and Sinti), homosexua
-י
Darkness.” Birth and predestination defined the
57
רוהי
32-45 Sons of
ב
מven J
.) “the

17-32
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e
תיב ימיב ןרוהיטו םילשורי לש תיברעמה המוחהice.
( 'מע .אי
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ר
י
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ב
.

ב
ו
17-3228
the Temple, were
.תוחפטהו הרגמה .)
1997 status of
ן
לשורי לש תי
( .ג ,יאקרב
ט
6. Barkay, G. (1979). The Cubit of the Old Standard - Archaeological Consideration of a 29. Barkay, G., & Vaughn, A. (1996). New Readings of Hezekian Official Seal Impressions. ethnicity and religion. . ls, and e ע . 'מע .ד 28תק .י נ ש - .ינשמsses? Why? No answer seems ה who walk “in all the ways of darkness and evil craftiness” (עור תמרעו כשוח יכרד לוכב) will eternally
14-15 March 1979). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pg. 35.
human. The Essenes predicted “the Sons of Darkness” would suffer eternal da
לו the “leaders” acted
Perhaps
( .ג ,יאקרב
-
:

צמ
א
ה
.
ק
סרגנו
ו
ה
איכרא
22
22

לשורי
י
ה
58

ג

תואי
םי
1981
יג
תיאנומשחה םילשורי .)(
שח
ת
.
:ךותב .תואיצמו היגולואדיאאנומ
לש ינופצה ריפחה לש ונמזו םכש רעשל ןופצמ ןושארה תיבה תפ
.)
ה
.
י

-
.
( .ג ,יאקרב
1981,י
רב
1997
ו
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ולואדי
Problem in Biblical Metrology. in: Sixth Archaeological Conference in Israel (Tel-Aviv, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 304. pp. 29-54. ינימשה ינימשה יגולואיכראה סרגנוקהךותב out of unfounded hatred of over six million Jews גbecause of . their suffer: וקתמ םירבק השולש .)mnation. All those
7. Broshi, M., Barkay, G. (1985). Excavations in the Chapel of St. Vartan in the Holy
9
ethnicity
. 'מעre is and religion.
הרדתק will eternally
ןו דסומלשו the USA, but also
םי
ריל
תע
םילשורי .רה
-
י
:
ריל
ו
חה
83
חל הרב
: דסומ
ו
תואצרה יריצקתןו
:

'מע .היתוקיתעו לארשירא תרי
לא
ת
ת
-
-
'מע .
יריצק
-
רי ,לאר
ץ
7-26
.
-
:
ץרא תריקחל הרבחהלשורי .

םי
ק
שיב
רשי
ק

אצ
14-15 March 1979). Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society. pg. 35. 30. Barkay, G. (1996). A Balance Beam from Tel Lachish. Tel Aviv 23,1. pp. 75-82. . 33 The 33 .היתוanother horrific human tragedy that plagued many nations, especially - םילשורי ,לארשיב who walk “in all the ways of darkness and evil craftiness” (עור תמרעו כשוח יכרד לוכב) .םילשורי
Sepulchre. Israel Exploration Journal 35, 2/3. pp 108-128.
. 124rench, Dutc
( .ג ,יאקרב
םודרק רפכמ
לכ
1982
.םחל תיב לש ןואיזומה .)
.הנ
.הנכ רפכמ ראופמ ירושא ילכ .)( .ג ,י
.
י
ראופמ
19ק
'מע .

38-40
םו
כ

רושא י
.)
רב
122-
1982אק
23
23
.
לאירא

128-129
.
122-12419
7. Broshi, M., Barkay, G. (1985). Excavations in the Chapel of St. Vartan in the Holy 31. Barkay, G. & Vaughn, A. G. (1996). "Lmlk" and Official Seal Impressions from Tel Brazilian, Portuguese, S . panish, F ' מ ע . 'מע .דרh, Danish, and British homes and businesses. This suffer: The visitation of all who walk in it (will be) many afflictions by all the 1998 ( ג ,יאקרב . 59
8. Barkay, G. (1983). The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 9,
There is another horrific human tragedy that plagued many nations, especially the USA, but also
55-63ls of punishment, eternal perdition by the fury of God’s vengeful wrath,

.)ךרוע( .א ,רליש :ךותב .םילשוריב "ןגה רבק" .)( and involved
'מע .לאירא :םילשורי . forced migra
was
ס
רפ

בא
יאנליו
ז
.
י

.

"
א
.)ך

רי
1983
רב

( .ג ,יאקרב
.ג
לשו
24
.םי
:ךותב
"

,י
י
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ה
.)
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ג

לשוריב
,רליש
Sepulchre. Israel Exploration Journal 35, 2/3. pp 108-128. Lachish. Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv 23,1 (1996) 61-74. 'מע .לא the most massive יאנליו באז רפסרוע(tion that occurred in well over 400 years 1983אק רב . 24 . the . ange 'מע . 130-131 לאירא .לארשי - ץרא לש היגולואיכראל קיש דרנוק לש ותמורת .) 1998 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 60
*
2. pp. 14-19.
The visitation of all who walk in it (will be) many afflictions by all the
everlasting terror and endless shame, together with disgrace of annihi
capture and enslavement of twelve million Africans to the so-called “New World.” At least two
195-203
.
.)
. 203
1999
195-
8. Barkay, G. (1983). The Divine Name Found in Jerusalem. Biblical Archaeology Review 9, 32. Barkay, G. (1997). Politics - Not Religious Law - Rules Ultra-Orthodox Demonstrators. Brazilian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, Danish, and British homes and businesses. This . 135-136 לאירא ."תוריפחה םוכיס ,רדג תמחב םיימורה תואצחרמה " .י ,דלפשריה לעlation ( .ג ,יאקרב . 61
was the most massive forced migration that occurred in well over 400 years and involved the

angels of punishment, eternal perdition by the fury of God’s vengeful wrath,
9. Barkay, G. (1986). Jerusalem of Old Testament Times: New Discoveries and New
ץished, isolated in the c
אקרב ,.מ ,ישורבs in
.רבקה תיסנכב שודקה ןטרו לש הלפאקב תוריפח .)( .ג ,יships, “
שורב
ב
,י
1985
רו לש הלפא
רב
לא
לארשי .רב
-
ט
.

25
פח .
ק
תורי

)
ק
'מע .חירשי
י
8-20 .ח
ע
. 'מ
8-20

1985אק
2. pp. 14-19. Biblical Archaeology Review 23(6). pp. 56-57, 77. . million of them per רא - ץראה תיס נ כ ב שודקה ןhained lower portion of wooden ( .ג ,י,.מlike Herring . 25 in the fire of the dark region. . 220-222 'מע
capture and enslavement of twelve million Africans to the so-called “New World.” At least two
everlasting terror and endless shame, together with disgrace of annihilation
Approaches. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 5. pp. 32-43.
[1QS 4.11-13; Charlesworth in PTSDSSP 1.17]
.םילשוריב םוניה תורי Robinson Crusoe, Simcha
94-1084
'מע .תfluenced by
ע
-
-
ף
מ
י
י
,ז
נ
.
ףתכ תוריפח .)( .ג ,י
ה
4ו
ב
ק
( .ג ,יאקרב
םו
.ם
תכ
ל
ינו
94-108
9. Barkay, G. (1986). Jerusalem of Old Testament Times: New Discoveries and New 33. Barkay, G. (1998). A Signet Ring of Alexander. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel a Barrel” (Dionigi . de Ca . rli, '1667). 6 " יI n ,ז"ימד תוינומדקשורי Daniel Defore’s פח .) 1985 1985אק רב . 26 . 26 . 57-64 'מע .ח ןורמושו הדוהי ירקחמ .שדחמ ןויע : לחר רבק דיל לזרבה תפוקתמ םיאצממ .) 1999 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 62
in the fire of the dark region.
million of them perished, isolated in the chained lower portion of wooden ships, “like Herrings in
10. Barkay, G. (1986). The Garden Tomb: Was Jesus Buried Here?. Biblical Archaeology
( .ג ,יאקרב
ק
115-
. 117
.רבקה תייסנכב ןושאר תיב ימימ םידירש .)( .ג ,י
115-11742

'sley estimate that without the enslavement of Africans, there would have
.רב
.
Approaches. Bulletin of the Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society 5. pp. 32-43. Archaeological Society 16. pp. 65-69. Jacobovici and Sean King מ ע . 'מע .לאירא לאיראה תיי ס נ כ ב ן ושאר תי ב י מ י מ םי די רש .) 1985 1985אק רב . 27 . 27 ,.א טסואפ :ךותב .תויתרבחה תוכלשהה : 'ב לזרבה תפוקתב הדוהיב םירוגמה תיבו רבקה .) 1999 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 63
42 6
a Barrel” (Dionigi de Carli, 1667). Influenced by Daniel Defore’s Robinson Crusoe, Simcha
[1QS 4.11-13; Charlesworth in PTSDSSP 1.17]
Review 12,2. pp. 40-53, 56-57.
'מע .ד
ה
36תק
197- no
ר
.'תוהז םתוח' תועיבט לש ףסונ סופיטרהודה ס
1985אק
מ
'
:
.
ע
( .ג ,יאקרב
28
.
י
:
28
'
תוע
תוהז
ירבד / לארשי ץרא לש היגולואיכראב םישדח םינוויכ
וח
ס
'
תוע
היגולואידיאו הרבח ,תירמוח תוברת .)םיכרוע( .א ריאמ
197-20136
:
הרדתק םת
רב
וס
.'
לש ף
ונ

פיט
ס
'
.)
1985
תועיבט' .)( .ג ,י
ו
ה
ב

ב
י

.
'רהודה סוסהט
ט
10. Barkay, G. (1986). The Garden Tomb: Was Jesus Buried Here?. Biblical Archaeology 34. Deutsch, R., Barkay, G. (1999). A Storage-Jar Handle with Two Hebrew Personal Seal . been . 201 Industrial Revolution; no Western Civilization; no sugar; no islands; and no continent John Hyrcanus, the Jewish Hasmonean leader who lived from 164 to 134 BCE and was high priest,

Jacobovici and Sean Kingsley estimate that without the enslavement of Africans, there would have
11. Barkay, G., Kloner, (1986). Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical
'מע .ןג תמר .ט"נשתה ןויס ט"י ,ןליא רב תטיסרבינוא סנכה The
1985אק
ט
אל
בר
ש
ה

לשו
ק
פו
לזרבה תפוקת ףוסב םילשורי לש הברעמו הנופצ1985
.
ת
םי
( .ג ,יאקרב
סב
ףו
ת
רב

לש

לז
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רוט
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ק
.
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29
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.)

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לת תטיסרבינוא .רופ
)םסרופ אלש טרוטקוד(ה
ע
.
96-102
מו
Review 12,2. pp. 40-53, 56-57. Impressions. in: Deutsch, R. (Ed.). West Semitic Epigraphic News of the First Millenium - called America. Have we learned, finally, that “the worship of profit” is immoral and impedes all invaded Samaria with his troops and burned, what they claimed, was the Samaritan temple. 10
John Hyrcanus, the Jewish Hasmonean leader who lived from 164 to 134 BCE and was high priest,
been no Industrial Revolution; no Western Civilization; no sugar; no islands; and no continent
Archaeology Review. 12,2. pp. 22-39.
7
-
ה ימי יהלשב םילשורי לש םידימאה עבור
.ט
ןורמושו הדוהי ירקחמ
.ןושארה תיב
( .ג ,יאקרב led
2000
הנשמה .)
64
invaded Samaria with his troops and burned, what they claimed, was the Samaritan temple.
10
called America. Have we learned, finally, that “the worship of profit” is immoral and impedes all
11. Barkay, G., Kloner, (1986). Jerusalem Tombs from the Days of the First Temple. Biblical BCE. Tel Aviv: Archaeological Center. pp. 81-85. progress of the human? .ביבא .ביבא wide -spread Jewish disdain for Samaritans, who believe in the divine origin of the Pentateuch, . The
12. Barkay, G. (1988). Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb: A Reevaluation. Biblical
ן
ח ינפ לא ן

מו
.לארשי
,י
:
רב
'מע

.
7
ףתכ
תכ
30
ואי

57-62
םו
.)(
.ג
ו
.לארשי ןואיזומ :םילשורי .רי ת
מטמ
ו
ניה
wide-spread Jewish disdain for Samaritans, who believe in the divine origin of the P
Archaeology Review. 12,2. pp. 22-39. 35. Sinibaldi, M., Goodfriend, G. A., Barkay, G., Marchese, S. and Gil-av, E. (1999). Aspartic progress of the huma n? ז ומ :ם י לשורי . ם יל שו םילשורי תומוח ינפ לא ןומטמ- : ף םוניה .) -1986 1986אק ( .ג ,יאקרב . 30 to the parable of the Good Samaritan in Luke, who attributed it to Jesus. . entateuch, led
Archaeology Review 14 (2). pp. 48-50.
והי
והיקדצ תרעמ .)( .ג ,י
-
( .ג ,יאקרב
מ
102-10743
'
.
ג
43רא
.יגולואיכראה טביההקדצ תרעמ .)

ע
'מע .לאי
י
. 107
.
.םילשוריב הזורולוד היווב ןושארה תיבה ימימ םירבק תרעמ .)
הה
.he parable of the Goo

.י
1986
102-
-
לאיראולואיכראה טב
12. Barkay, G. (1988). Burial Headrests as a Return to the Womb: A Reevaluation. Biblical Acid Racemization in Teeth from Ketef Hinnom, a Late Holocene Burial Cave in In the following study, I have organized my thoughts into seven categories: 1986אק רב . 31 . 31 to t 5 םילשורי רקחב םישודיחd Samaritan in Luke, who attributed it to Jesus. 2000 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 65
13. Barkay, G. (1988). To Gehenna and Back: The Hinnom Valley, Jerusalem. Israel Land
In the following study, I have organized my thoughts into seven categories:
,םיבושי .)םיכרוע( .א ,רשכ .מ ,יבכוכ ,.ש ,ץיבומינוב :ךותב .השאר ריעכ םילשורי
.) ( .ג
'מע
.
151-159
( .ג ,יאקרב
Archaeology Review 14 (2). pp. 48-50. Jerusalem: Evidence for Reuse. Geoarchaeology 14. pp. 441–454. ,םיבושי .)םי כ רוע( .א ,רשכ .מ ,י ב כ וכ ,.ש ,ץיב ומ י נ וב :ךותב .השאר רי ע כ ם י לשורי .) 1988 1988 ,י אק רב . 32 . 32 Continuing with this chronology, we pause to ponder Jesus, a devout Jew, who was condemned to

and Nature 13. pp. 123-129.

66
ץראב הלכלכו היסולכוא
לא
.
רפס .)םיכרוע( .ע ,רזמ ,.ש ,בוטיחא :ךותב .ןושארה תיבה ימיב םילשורי לש תורבקה יתב .)
שי
ר
ב
תע
שת רדאב גי ינורהא ןנחוי 'פורפ רכזל ןויעה םוי ירבדתעה

2000
ראב
( .ג ,יאקרב
-
ת
ץ
What are the Most Important Insights from Research into Apocalypticism?
suffer and die from crucifixion. Sadly, according to the Gospels, too many of his fellow Jews were
13. Barkay, G. (1988). To Gehenna and Back: The Hinnom Valley, Jerusalem. Israel Land 36. Avigad, N., Barkay, G. (2000). The "LMLK" and Related Seal Impressions. in: Geva, H. 6 ,ה"מ 6 ש ,ה"מרדאב ג י י נ ורהא ן נ חו י 'פורפ רכזל ן וי ע ה םו י י רב ד : הק י : הקיתעה תעב לארשי -הל כ לכ ו היס ולכ וא Continuing with this chronology, we pause to ponder Jesus, a devout Jew, who was condemned to
14. Barkay, G. (1989). Another Palaeo-Hebrew Ossuary Inscription. Israel Exploration
'מע . ץרמ
.
'מע .יבצ
.
:
124-
. 125
-
ןב קחצי די
ע
מ
124-1251985
םילשורי .ארקמה תפוקת :םילשורי
233-270
ב
.
'
behind his arrest and death. Yet, the movement he started eventually reshaped the world in which
and Nature 13. pp. 123-129. (Ed.). Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem Conducted by Nahman What are the Most Important Insights from Research into Apocalypticism? 1985 ץרמב suffer and die from crucifixion. Sadly, according to the Gospels, too many of his fellow Jews were
Do We Learn from Our Mistakes?
Journal 39(3/4). pp. 201-203.
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we all live. For many, Christians and Jews, this episode is the pinnacle of horrors, before 70, in
14. Barkay, G. (1989). Another Palaeo-Hebrew Ossuary Inscription. Israel Exploration Avigad, 1969-1982, Vol. 1. pp. 243-266. ץראבש םאר Do We Learn from Our Mistakes? ודי - ב ל ' - בל 'ש ,אנפוג 'ר לע .)( 1987,י ( .ת ,יונ ,.ג ,יאקרב . 33 behind his arrest and death. Yet, the movement he started eventually reshaped the world in which
Are the Apocalypses the Dream Literature of Antiquity?
15. Barkay, G. (1990). A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription שדק. Israel Exploration Journal
Are the Apocalypses the Dream Literature of Antiquity?
we all live. For many, Christians and Jews, this episode is the pinnacle of horrors, before 70, in
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Journal 39(3/4). pp. 201-203. 37. Barkay, G. (2000). What's an Egyptian Temple Doing in Jerusalem? Biblical Archaeology Do we Become Present when We Imagine a Place Phenomenologically? " ," ן י מ י נ ב the Land of Israel. .דנלילוה ןולמבש םגדב ינש תיב ימי לש םילשוריב רויס .) 2001 ( .א ,רליש ,.ג ,יאקרב . 68
Do we Become Present when We Imagine a Place Phenomenologically?
the Land of Israel.
40(2/3). pp. 124-129.
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15. Barkay, G. (1990). A Bowl with the Hebrew Inscription שדק. Israel Exploration Journal Review 26(3). pp. 48-57. How May we Perceive a New Creation? .היתו .היתופוקתל םילשורי ימוחת .)( .ג ,י ( .ג ,יאקרב . 34 . 21-50
How May we Perceive a New Creation?
16. Barkay, G. (1991). 'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh.
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40(2/3). pp. 124-129. 38. Bautch, R., Coblentz Bautch, K., Barkay, G., Guise Sheridan, S. (2000). "The Vessels of . 152- . 155 'מ ע . 'מע .58 57-58לאירא לאיראוג .טאבוג רפסה תיב רוזאב םייגולואיכראה םידירשה .)( .ג ,י ( .ג ,יאקרב . 35 A little more than three decades after Jesus’ crucifixion in 30 or 33 CE, John of Gischala (which
Is the Morality in the Apocalypses Focused Only on This Earth?
A little more than three decades after Jesus’ crucifixion in 30 or 33 CE, John of Gischala (which
Is the Morality in the Apocalypses Focused Only on This Earth?
Israel Exploration Journal 41(4). pp. 239-241.
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16. Barkay, G. (1991). 'Your Poor Brother' A Note on an Inscribed Bowl from Beth Shemesh. the Potter Shall Be Broken": The Material Culture from a Burial Cave at St. Étienne's . 37-76 . 37-7652 ה ר 52תק .ם י ל .םילשוריב םוניה ףתכמ ףסכ תויחול לע םינהוכה תכרב .)( .ג ,י ( .ג ,יאקרב . 36 is Gush Halav; Ἰωάννης ἀπὸ Γισχάλων) representing Galilee, and Simon bar Giori (א ָרוֹיִּג רַּב ןוֹעְמ ִּש)
What Significant Advances Have Been Made in the Study of Ancient Apocalypses?
What Significant Advances Have Been Made in the Study of Ancient Apocalypses?
is Gush Halav; Ἰωάννης ἀπὸ Γισχάλων) representing Galilee, and Simon bar Giori (א ָרוֹיִּג רַּב ןוֹעְמ ִּש)
17. Barkay, G. (1991). Jerusalem: De David a la Destruction du Temple de Salomon. Les
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Israel Exploration Journal 41(4). pp. 239-241. Monastery, Jerusalem. ŕevue biblique 107. pp. 561-590. . 94-106 ' מ ע . 'מע .א"כשי - לארשי? ץראלשוריב ת רח ו אמ ה הזנ ורב ה תפוק תמ י רצ מ שדק מ .) 1990 1990אק רב . 37 . 37 . 21-28

Dossiers de l'Archeologie 165-166. pp. 32-45.
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17. Barkay, G. (1991). Jerusalem: De David a la Destruction du Temple de Salomon. Les 39. Barkay, G. & Im, M. (2001). Egyptian Influence on the Painted Human Figures from : ביבא : לת . 'ג - ' ב - 'ג . 'ב לזרבה תפוקתר 9 קמ :ה ארקמה תפוקתב לארשילש ה יג ו לו איכרא ל אובמ .) .)( 1990אק רב . 38 . 38 8 8 See now Motti Aviam, “Yodfat: Uncovering a Jewish City in the Galilee from the Second Temple Period and the
What do I think are the most important insights we may obtain from exploring apocalypticism and
What do I think are the most important insights we may obtain from exploring apocalypticism and
18. Barkay, G. (1992). The World's Oldest Poorbox. Biblical Archaeology Review 18(6). pp.
See now Motti Aviam, “Yodfat: Uncovering a Jewish City in the Galilee from the Second Temple Period and the
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Dossiers de l'Archeologie 165-166. pp. 32-45. Kuntillet 'Ajrud. Tel Aviv 28,2. pp. 288-300 the apocalyptic literature of Early Judaism and the origins of Christianity? Which Time of the Great Revolt,” Qadmoniot 32 (January 1999) 92-101 [in Hebrew]. Aviam, “The Archaeological
.החותפה הטיסרבינואה are
the apocalyptic literature of Early Judaism and the origins of Christianity? Which ones are
Time of the Great Revolt,” Qadmoniot 32 (January 1999) 92-101 [in Hebrew]. Aviam, “The Archaeological
48-50.
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18. Barkay, G. (1992). The World's Oldest Poorbox. Biblical Archaeology Review 18(6). pp. 40. Barkay, G., Fantalkin, A., & Tal, O. (2002). A Late Iron Age Fortress North of Jerusalem. תיב ימי ב םי לשו worth נsharing? I shall start with one תיב ימיב םילשורי לש תורבקה.) -1990 1990אק רב . 39 . 39 Illumination of Josephus’ Narrative o 'מע . 161 לאירא .םילשוריב םילייטמ תכרדה .) 2003 ( .א ,רליש ,.ג ,יאקרב . 73
especially worth sharing? I shall start with one that is depressing and proceed to the ones that are
Illumination of Josephus’ Narrative of the Battles at Yodefat and Gamla,” Making History: Josephus and Historical
19. Barkay, G. (1992). "The Prancing Horse". Tel Aviv 19,1. pp. 124-129.
רזע רמוחו תורחבנ תוישרפ ,םימוכיס ,תורוקמשאר
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48-50. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 328. pp. 49-72. promising. Let us h מ ע .י 'מע .יבצחצ ןב קחצי דילשורי .ch of them. נ ת ו יש רפ ,םי מו כי ס ,ת ו רוק מ : ן ו : ןושאר Method (Leiden: Brill, 2007). Among the plethora of publications on archaeology in Jerusalem, I am impressed with
Method (Leiden: Brill, 2007). Among the plethora of publications on archaeology in Jerusalem, I am impressed with
promising. Let us hope we may learn from each of them.
20. Barkay, G. (1992). The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in
Jerome Murphy-O’Connor’s, “Jerusalem: History, Archaeology, and Theology” in Keys to Jerusalem: Collected
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םילשורי רקחב םישודיח History, Archaeology, and Theology” in Keys to Jerusalem: Collected
19. Barkay, G. (1992). "The Prancing Horse". Tel Aviv 19,1. pp. 124-129. 41. Barkay, G. (2003). Iron Age II Incised Potsherds and Potters' Marks. in: Geva, H. (Ed.). . 70-75 . 70-7578 78 לאירא.דוד לדג מ ן ואי ז ומ ב תי רוט ס י הה הגו צתה תרוק י ב ל .) 1991 1991 ,רליש ,.ג י אק רב . 40 . 40 Jerome Murphy-O’Connor’s, “Jerusalem: .תיבה רהמ תידוה י תונמא לש רכומ יתלב דירש .) 2004 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 75
Essays (Oxford: OUP, 2012). I confess that many archaeological books are too quickly dated by unexpected
Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 19,2. pp. 139-192.
'מע . that many archaeological books are too quickly dated by unexpected
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20. Barkay, G. (1992). The Priestly Benediction on Silver Plaques from Ketef Hinnom in Jewish Quarter Excavations in the Old City of Jerusalem: V. 2. The Finds from Areas A, . 86-87 . ' מ ע . 'מע .אירא ." ."ארקמה תפוקתב תיבושי היפרגואיג ,ןותחתה לילגה" , :לע צ ' 1991 1991אק רב . 41 . 41 Essays (Oxford: OUP, 2012). I confess 165-166 לאירא .ודוחיו םולשבא ןוכמ .) 2004 ( .א ,רליש ,.ג ,יאקרב . 76
discoveries, and that Motti and Jerry were close friends and interlocutors for decades.
21. Barkay, G. (1993). A Bulla of Ishmael, the King's Son. Bulletin of the American Schools of
9
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Jerusalem. Tel Aviv 19,2. pp. 139-192. W and X-2. Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Institute of Archaeology, Hebrew 3-4ינו ד"כמד תוינומדקלשורי תו דלותל ס לטא" ,ע ב ג ' ה :לע .) 1991 1991אק רב . 42 . 42 discoveries, and that Motti and Jerry were close friends and interlocutors for decades. 2004 dates before . the
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Note the
9

Oriental Research 290/291. pp. 109-114.
Note the medial kaph in final position; it is an indication that the source of the manuscript dates before the
Simcha Jacobovici and Sean Kinglsey, Enslaved: The Sunken History of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (New York,

1992
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21. Barkay, G. (1993). A Bulla of Ishmael, the King's Son. Bulletin of the American Schools of University of Jerusalem. pp. 50-62. 6 6 London: Pegasus Books, 2022) esp. pp. 3-15. .הדוהימ םתוח תועיבט םע םינקנק תוידי תצובק .)( .ג ,י ( .ג ,יאקרב . 43 introduction of final forms. 'מע . 14 ןורמושו הדוהי ירקחמ .ארקמה תפוקתב םוניה - ןב איג .) 2005 ( .ג ,יאקרב . 78
22. Barkay, G. (1993). The Redefining of Archaeological Periods: Does the Date 588/586
introduction of final forms.
10
Simcha Jacobovici and Sean Kinglsey, Enslaved: The Sunken History of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (New York,
.
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Oriental Research 290/291. pp. 109-114. 42. Barkay, G., Lundberg, M., Vaughn, A., Zuckerman, B., & Zuckerman, K. (2003). The .עבג לל ה לש וי תוג ש ה לע הב ו ג ת ? ט " י ה האמה י ר פוח לש םת ונ י מ אב ק פס ליט ה ל ע ודמ .) 1992 1992אק רב . 44 . 44 10 Samaritans informed me on Mount Gerizim that they never had a temple and that their sacrifices have always been
7
London: Pegasus Books, 2022) esp. pp. 3-15.
Ibid., pp. xv, 3.
in pits dug into the ground. If so, John Hyrcanus most likely destroyed buildings in the area.
Samaritans informed me on Mount Gerizim that they never had a temple and that their sacrifices have always been
B.C.E. Indeed Mark the End of the Iron Age Culture?. in: Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (Eds.).
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22. Barkay, G. (1993). The Redefining of Archaeological Periods: Does the Date 588/586 Challenges of Ketef Hinnom. Near Eastern Archaeology 66(4). pp. 162-171. 7 Ibid., pp. xv, 3. . 58 . 'מע 5897/98 97/98מד תוינומדק in pits dug into the ground. If so, John Hyrcanus most likely destroyed buildings in the area. (.י ,גיוצ ,.ג ,יאקרב . 80
Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990; Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
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B.C.E. Indeed Mark the End of the Iron Age Culture?. in: Biran, A. & Aviram, J. (Eds.). . 41-58 . 41-583 'מע .לו 3א היגולואיכרא ן .ןוינק ןילתק לש התריפח תוטישל .)( .ג ,י ( .ג ,יאקרב . 45 . 213-237
Biblical Archaeology Today, 1990; Proceedings of the Second International Congress on
XXIII 4 XXVII