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evaluation criteria. This is a fundamental framework for students to reflect

on their learning outcomes critically.

In short, the previous references suggest that the assessment should

meet the criteria of validity, reliability, authenticity, impact, and

practicality. A test is reliable if it gives consistent results whenever it is

administered and to whoever the testees are. The assessment results

describe the same student learning outcomes even though they are provided

by different teachers and with other methods. Validity refers to the

accuracy of measuring what will be measured to produce the accuracy of

the interpretation and the use of assessment information.

4. Assessing EFL Writing

a. Existing Writing Assessment Models

The purpose of assessing student writing is to identify writing skills

based on curriculum-based indicators using tests that adhere to the

principles of assessment. Effective assessment models provide evidence to

document and promote student achievement, motivation, and learning

(Andrade & Brookhart, 2020; McMillan, 2018). Effective teachers choose

good assessment practices to provide a pedagogically sound assessment

description and learning goals for the writing task.

Several reputable journals have published existing formative and

summative writing assessment models. The writer only discusses some of

these in the following sections to demonstrate why a multipurpose

assessment model is necessary to investigate.

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