Page 63 - BUKU SYNOPSIS

skills on particular genre, she/he should provide a writing test based on the

objective.

The term "impact" refers to strategies for ensuring that the test

employed has an impact on society, the educational system, and students.

Bachman and Palmer (1996) divided it into two categories: macro and

micro. Macro refers to the educational system or society, whereas micro

refers to specific people or students who are active in test use. Practicality,

on the other hand, mostly concerns how the test will be carried out.

Unlike practitioners mentioned previously, Brown and

Abeywickarama (2018) use the term of assessment principles with the

formulation; practicality, reliability, validity, authenticity and washback.

They state that washback refers to the influence that exam has on the way

in which students are taught; either positive or negative.

The Emancipated Learning Curriculum for Higher Education policy

incorporates five assessment principles outlined by the National Education

Standards. These principles include educative, authentic, objective,

accountable, and transparent, which are implemented cohesively. The

underlying educational principle posits that the purpose of assessment is to

inspire students to utilize the outcomes of assessments to enhance the

learning process and ultimately attain their academic goals. This approach

is implemented by engaging students in reflecting on the desired learning

outcomes. In conjunction with the principles of transparency and

accountability, students have a comprehensive explanation of the

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