Page 66 - BUKU SYNOPSIS

Some educational researchers have researched portfolio

assessment in writing instruction. According to the findings, the

portfolio is effective in encouraging students to reflect on their

writings through self and peer feedback (Lam, 2018; Lam & Lee,

2009; Lam, 2020), promoting students' autonomous learning (Ma’arif

et al., 2021; Tyas, 2020), and monitoring students' learning progress

toward curriculum goals (Alam & Aktar, 2019). However, the

portfolio does not address how teachers provide formative input to

students' SA and PA because responding to students' work takes time

(Brown & Abeywickrama, 2018; Cheng & Fox, 2017). Furthermore,

although the students collected many writing drafts, they did not write

several drafts of the same text (Lam, 2018).

2) Dynamic Assessment

Dynamic assessment (DA) is a psychological and educational

assessment method that focuses on students' ability to respond to

teacher mediation (Rashidi & Nejad, 2018). DA focuses on

moderating and supporting pupils throughout testing and

measurement. The mediation-based training emphasizes the process

of learning to write rather than the product of learning. They

developed three stages for dynamic evaluation to improve students'

writing skills: topic selection, idea generation, and revision. First,

pupils had to choose one of five topics to write on. The offered topic

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