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                 ‚¥¬π—°°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ—ß°ƒ…®—¥∑”„Àâ Õ“∑‘‡™àπ ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ“≠“ Õ‘π‡¥’¬ ·≈–

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                 Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß°“√ Õπ«‘™“°ÆÀ¡“¬·∫∫Õ—ß°ƒ…„πª√–‡∑»‰∑¬


                        ‚ª√¥æ‘®“√≥“∫—π∑÷°¢Õß𓬮Õ√宪“¥Ÿ´å 𓬪“¥Ÿ´å À¡Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬™“«Ω√—Ë߇» 
                 ∑’˪√÷°…“„π°“√√à“ß°ÆÀ¡“¬„π√—™°“≈∑’Ë ˆ‰¥â∫—π∑÷°„Àâ·ß৑¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ—ß°ƒ…‰«â

                 ¥—ßμàÕ‰ªπ’È :

                        ç‡Àμÿº≈„𧫓¡®”‡ªìπ∑’Ë®–μâÕ߇ª≈’ˬπ«‘∏’°“√ Õππ—°‡√’¬π°ÆÀ¡“¬°Á§◊Õ«à“

                 ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬°Á‡À¡◊Õπ«‘∑¬“°“√Õ◊ËπÊ °“√∑’Ë∑”°ÆÀ¡“¬„À⇪ìπª√–¡«≈ÕÕ°„™âπ—Èπ
                 ¬àÕ¡‰¡à¡’º≈ ‡«âπ·μຟâæ‘æ“°…“®–‡¢â“„®«‘∏’ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬‚¥¬∂Ÿ°μâÕß ®–μâÕßΩñ°Ωπ

                 ®“°°“√„Àâ·π«§«“¡‡ÀÁπ·≈–§”Õ∏‘∫“¬ ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“‰∑¬∑’ˉ¥â√—∫°“√Ωñ°Ωπ¡“π—Èπ à«π¡“°
                 »÷°…“®“°‚√߇√’¬π°ÆÀ¡“¬∑’Ë°√ÿ߇∑æœ §◊Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬º—«‡¡’¬ ¡√¥° ·≈–∑’Ë¥‘π®“°§√Ÿ‰∑¬

                 °ÆÀ¡“¬∑—Ë«‰ª®“°ºŸâ∑’Ë»÷°…“°ÆÀ¡“¬®“°ª√–‡∑»Õ—ß°ƒ…·≈–∫“ß∑’°Á®“°∑’˪√÷°…“
                 °ÆÀ¡“¬™“«¬ÿ‚√ªºŸâ∑’Ë√Ÿâ¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…°ÁÕà“π®“°μ”√“°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ—ß°ƒ… ºŸâ∑’ˉ¥â‰ª»÷°…“

                 °Á‡æ’¬ß·μà»÷°…“°ÆÀ¡“¬¿“…“Õ—ß°ƒ…‰¥â√—∫‡ªìπ barrister-at-law √«¡§«“¡«à“
                 ºŸâæ‘æ“°…“‰∑¬‰¥â√—∫°“√Ωñ°Ωπ·μà·∫∫Õ¬à“ßÕ—ß°ƒ…À√◊Õ°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ—ß°ƒ… ´÷Ë߇ªìπ

                 °ÆÀ¡“¬®“√’μ∏√√¡ (Common Law) «‘∏’°ÆÀ¡“¬®“√’μ∏√√¡°—∫«‘∏’°ÆÀ¡“¬ª√–¡«≈∏√√¡
                 (Codification) π—Èπμà“ß°—π∑—Èß„πÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬·≈–«‘∏’·ª≈·≈–„™â°ÆÀ¡“¬ ‰¥â™’È„Àâ‡ÀÁπ

                 §«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—π„πÀ≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬∫“ߢâÕ‡™àπÀ≈—° ‘π®â“ß (consideration) ·≈–À≈—°
                 °ÆÀ¡“¬ªî¥ª“° (estopple) ´÷Ë߇ªìπ¢âÕ ”§—≠„π°ÆÀ¡“¬®“√’μ∏√√¡ ·μà‰¡à¡’°ÆÀ¡“¬

                 ª√–¡«≈∏√√¡ °√≥’∑’Ë»“≈Õ—ß°ƒ…«‘π‘®©—¬ À≈—°°ÆÀ¡“¬ªî¥ª“°π—Èπ »“≈„πæ◊Èπ¬ÿ‚√ª
                 (Continent) «‘π‘®©—¬μ“¡À≈—°· ¥ß‡®μπ“ (expression of intention) À√◊Õ§«“¡¬‘π¬Õ¡

                 (consent) À√◊Õ‡°’ˬ«¥â«¬°“√ —쬓∫—πÀ√◊ժؑ∫—μ‘·Ààß —≠≠“ (ratification or execution
                 of contracts) ∑ÿ°ª√–¡«≈°ÆÀ¡“¬¡’À≈—°∑—Ë«‰ª·ÀàßÀπ’È (obligations) ·μ৔«à“Àπ’È

                 ¡’„™âπâÕ¬„π°ÆÀ¡“¬Õ—ß°ƒ… À≈—°≈“¿¡‘§«√‰¥â (undue enrichment) ‡ªìπ à«π ”§—≠
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