Page 340 - Zoo Animal Learning and Training

324 Glossary

Autolysis Destruction of cells or tissues by their own enzymes antiseptic or disinfectant for both inanimate objects and living
Autonomous nervous system (ANS) Nervous system division tissue
that responds in times of stress Chlorine Common substance used in cleaning and disinfect-
Axillary Armpit or space between the underarm and chest ing solutions
wall Chloroxylenol Common antiseptic solution, a chlorine
Bactericidal Chemical substance that destroys bacteria derivative
Bacteriostatic Substance that inhibits growth of bacteria Chromosome Thread‐like structure of nucleic acid that
carries the genetic information in the form of genes
Basic energy requirement (BER) The amount of energy from
foods required to sustain life or body functions Chronic heart failure (CHF) When the heart does not pump
well enough to distribute blood around the body, a progressive
Beats per minute (bpm) The number of times the heart con- state of failure
tracts and relaxes in one minute
Chronic renal failure Ongoing progressive failure of the kid-
Bight A sharp bend in the rope
neys to properly filter the blood
Body conditioning score (BCS) A subjective evaluation of the Chucks Absorbent pads to protect against moisture
body in regards to muscle to fat ratio
Cladistics Method of classifying animals and plants according
Borborygmi Rumbling or gurgling noise made by the passage to the proportion of measurable characteristics they have in
of fluid and gas in the intestines common
Brachycephalic Foreshortening of the upper jaw creating a Clinical pathology A division within pathology concerned
flat face with the evaluation of body fluids and tissues, includes urine,
Bradycardia Slower than normal heart rate serum, plasma, and tissues
Break‐through pain Severe pain that occurs in spite of being Coenzyme Non‐protein compound that is necessary for the
on pain medications function of an enzyme
Bright, alert, and responsive (BAR) A subjective evaluation of Colon Large intestine
the mental condition of a dog or cat Commissure The corner of the mouth where the upper and
Bronchiole Branch of the bronchus in the lungs lower lips meet
Buccal Refers to the inside of the cheek, a directional term Congenital Existing abnormalities at birth, acquired during
for toward the lips development inside the uterus
Calculus The hardened form of plaque caused by precipita- Connective tissue Category of tissues that includes bones, lig-
tion of minerals from saliva and gingival crevicular fluid aments, tendons, and fat
Calorie A unit of energy defined as the heat required to raise Conscious proprioception Sense of body position, knowing
one kilogram of water one degree where the appendages are
Capillaries The plural form of capillary, tiny blood vessels Contact time The amount of time required for a disinfectant
that are one cell in thickness and are the terminal ends of arte- or antiseptic to destroy pathogens on a surface
rioles; item with wicking action that will lift fluids into it, i.e., Contaminant Organism or debris that can potentially cause
“capillary tube” an infection
Cardiac output The amount of blood pumped by the heart Contraindication A condition or symptom that renders a
per minute treatment to be inadvisable
Carnivore An animal that feeds on flesh Contrast media Mediums used to improve radiographic con-
Catalyst A substance that increases the rate of a chemical trast often used to distinguish normal from abnormal organs
reaction without undergoing any permanent chemical change Controlled drug Prescription drug with the potential for
Caudal Refers to moving toward the tail from a current loca- addiction or abuse, also referred to as controlled substance
tion or being a tail (CS), regulated by DEA
Cecum A pouch connected to the junction of the small and Coplin jar Wide‐mouth glass or plastic jars with vertically
large intestine grooved interior walls, used for staining or storage of micro-
Cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) The anatomic border where scope slides
the enamel and the cementum meet on a tooth Coronal Directional term meaning toward the crown of a tooth
Cementum A specialized calcified substance covering the Costochondral junction Where a rib and the costal cartilage join
root of a tooth Cranial Refers to moving toward the skull from the current
Central nervous system (CNS) Brain and spinal cord location or relating to the skull
Cesarean section Surgical operation for delivering offspring Crepuscular Animal that is active during twilight
via an incision into the abdomen and uterus Crown The uppermost part of the tooth, covered by enamel
Chattel Tangible and mobile personal property Cud Solid portion of chewed food that is burped up for
Chlorhexidine Antibacterial compound that is available in further chewing
three forms: hydrochloride, gluconate, or acetate, used as an Cushing’s See Hyperadrenocorticism