Page 342 - Zoo Animal Learning and Training

326 Glossary

Fight and flight response Physiologic reaction in response to Homozygous Two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes
perceived or actual threat, if patient cannot flee it will fight for Horizontal ear canal A portion of the dog and cat ear canal
survival just in front of the tympanic membrane
Flocking instinct A group survival technique of one following Hot spot Common name for pyotraumatic dermatitis,
the one in front, makes it harder for predators to select an patches of inflamed, painful, moist skin with a secondary bacte-
individual rial infection
Fomite Inanimate object capable of transmitting microor- Human–animal bond The emotional bond that exists bet-
ganisms that can cause disease ween humans and their animals
Formaldehyde Chemical that is used as a preservative agent Hydrogen peroxide Mild antiseptic and bleaching agent
for tissues
Hyperadrenocorticism (Cushing’s) Excessive production of
Fungicidal An chemical compound that destroys parasitic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the pituitary gland
fungi and their spores
Hypertension Abnormally high blood pressure
Furcation Where the roots of the teeth join
Hyperthermia Abnormally high body temperature
Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) Dilation, expansion,
and twisting of the stomach, also known as bloat Hyperthyroidism Excessive functioning of the thyroid gland,
results in increased metabolism, heart rate, and high blood
Gastric dilatation Dilation and expansion of the stomach pressure
Gastritis Inflammation of the stomach Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Heart walls enlarge or
Gastroscopy Inspection of the interior of the stomach with a increase in bulk
gastroscope Hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s) Insufficient adrenocor-
Genotype Genetic makeup of an individual tical secretion, results in weakness, weight loss, low blood
Gestation The time from conception to delivery of offspring pressure, and gastrointestinal disturbances
Gingiva Gum tissue in the mouth Hypodermis Beneath the dermis
Gingival Concerns the gum tissue, directional term toward Hypotension Abnormally low blood pressure
the gingiva Hypothyroidism Deficient thyroid activity, low metabolic rate
Glutaraldehyde A disinfectant used in aqueous solution for Hypovolemia Decreased volume of circulating blood
sterilization of non‐heat‐resistant equipment Hypoxemia Low level of oxygen in the blood
Gonads Gender neutral term for sex organs Iatrogenic injury Condition not necessarily caused by med-
Gravid Pregnant, carrying eggs or young ical personnel, treatment, or procedure
Gross contaminant Contamination visible to the naked eye Idiopathic Disease or condition that arises spontaneously for
Guard hair The long hair that protects the animal from rain unknown reason
and snow Ileum Distal portion of the small intestine
Heart murmur Atypical sound of the heart usually indicating Ileus Painful distension of the abdomen, failure of peristalsis
a malfunction or structural defect resulting in the inability of the intestine to contract normally
Heaves Asthma or emphysema in horses Inanimate Not alive or have power of motion
Hematology Study of the physiology of blood Incontinence The inability to hold urine or feces
Hematoma Unclotted mass of blood from a damaged blood Induced ovulator Copulation has to take place in order for
vessel under the skin ovulation to occur
Hemoglobin Protein responsible for transporting oxygen Inflammation The body’s way of protecting itself from infec-
Hemolyzed Damaged red blood cells that have released tion, illness, or injury; symptoms include swelling, redness, and
hemoglobin heat
Hemorrhage Bleeding or abnormal flow of blood Inguinal The groin or in the area of the inguinal rings
Heparinized saline A mixture of heparin, an anticoagulant, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) Sets
and normal saline used to prevent clotting of IV catheters policies and procedures for the care and treatment of animals
at research or educational institutions
Hepatic lipidosis Accumulation of fat in the liver and hyper-
tryglyceridemia that may develop in persistently anorexic Insufflation Blow an agent into the nose, i.e., oxygen
obese cats Integument The skin, hair, and nails
Herbivore Animal that feeds on plants Interproximal Directional term meaning between teeth
Heterozygous Two different alleles of a particular gene or genes Intramuscular (IM) Administration of substance into a muscle
Hip dysplasia Poorly formed hips Intravenous (IV) Administration of a substance into a vein
Histology The study of body tissues Intubation The placement of a tube into the trachea to main-
Hitch The intertwining of loops arranged so the standing tain an open airway or to act as a conduit for medication
part pushes against the end, securing the rope to an animal or Intussusception The slippage of a section of intestine within
object an adjacent portion of intestine, similar to a “spy glass”