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Index 253
posseting 112 preterm infants 120–30 neurological disabilities 219
potassium 8, 230 age correction for measurements 42 preschool children, achieving 132–4
classification 120, 121 preterm infants 120–1
reference nutrient intakes 11 feeding routes 121–3
poverty see economic factors nutritional requirements 120–1 daily, in parenteral or enteral
powdered formula, making up 93 nutrition 123
powdered supplements for preschool primary school children 162–70
obesity and overweight 163, 165, 198 primary school children 166
children with faltering see also adequate intake; estimated
growth 151 probiotics 9, 222, 230
Prader–Willi syndrome 207, 222 problem-solving in obesity average requirement; reference
prebiotics 4, 222 nutrient intakes
in breast vs formula milks 91 treatment 202 retinol see vitamin A
preconception 56–60 protein 222 rewards
nutritional advice (incl. supplements) food and drink as 33–4
56–60, 64 in breast milk 90 in obesity treatment 202
pre-existing medical conditions in with preterms 125 riboflavin requirements 10
pregnancy 68–9 rickets 7, 152
pregnancy 61–75, 179 cow’s milk see cow’s milk
common dietary problems 71–2 as energy source 3 safe intakes, micronutrients 10, 12
food safety 70–1 in formula milk 90 safety see food safety
healthy eating 61–2 reference nutrient intakes 9, 10 salads for packed lunches for preschool
increased nutritional risks in 66–70 pubertal growth spurt 40, 43, 171–2
key nutrients 62–5 puddings in packed lunches for children 159
vitamin D see vitamin D salmonellosis in pregnancy 71
see also fertility; preconception preschool children 159 salt, recommended/healthy
premature infants see preterm pulses 222
infants intakes 8, 19
prenatal nutrition 55–75 preschool children 134 sandwich fillings for preschool
preschool children (1-4 years incl. pyridoxine (vitamin B6)
toddlers) 131–60 children 158–9
achieving nutrient and calorie requirements 10 saturated fat 4
requirements 132–4
changing intake (example case) 51 Rastafarian food traditions 27 healthy intakes 20
common nutritional ready-to-feed infant formulas 93 school children (in school) 161–81
problems 144–54 recommended daily intake
drinks see drinks food allergy and 192–3
faddy or selective eating and food pregnant women, by food groups 62 food groups for 166
refusal 141–2, 147–51, 155–6, salt/sodium (maximum) 8
217–18 recommended daily servings, food packed lunches 169
feeding see feeding recommended/suggested foods and
food groups with groups 14–15
combining 133–4 recording food intake 46–52 daily servings 14–15, 164
in packed lunches 158 primary see primary school children
recommended servings 14–15, 135 methods 45–6 see also adolescents
food safety 141 Red Book (Personal Child Health School Food Trust 157, 160, 166
growth charts 233, 235 Scientific Advisory Committee on
meal plans see meal plans Record) 42, 222
meal routines 136–7 reference nutrient intakes (RNIs) 9 Nutrition (SACN)
nutrients at risk 140 on salt/sodium intake 8
obesity and overweight 146, 198 minerals 11 on vitamin D 165
portion sizes 134 adolescents 173 on weaning 98, 100
recording intake (example sodium/salt 8 Scotland
case) 49, 50 nutritional standards and guidance
self-feeding 28 protein 9, 10
specialist feeding clinics 151–2 school lunches 166 preschool children in childcare
vitamin supplements 134 vitamins in adolescents 172 157, 160
preservatives, healthy intakes 20 see also lower reference nutrient
primary school children 166–7
intakes young peoples’ intakes compared to
referral to paediatrician with abnormal
south of England 176
growth 44 secondary school children see
refrigerated or frozen breast
adolescents
milk 87, 88 sedentary behaviour and
warming or thawing 88, 94
religion 27–9 obesity 199–200
renal disease see kidney disease in childcare settings 200
requirements 9–10 selective or faddy eating, young
adolescents 172–3
appetite inadequate to satisfy 207–10 children 141–2, 147–51, 155–6,
energy 2–3 217–18
