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252 Index
monounsaturated fats 5 neurological disabilities 207, 218–19 oromotor delay
multiples, breastfeeding 83 newborns see neonates infants 111
muscular dystrophy 218–19 niacin requirements 10 preschool children 148
Muslim traditions 27, 28 NICE see National Institute for Health
MyPlate 17 overweight see obesity
and Clinical Excellence
nasogastric tube feeding 209 recommendations packed lunches
National Day Nurseries Association nipples, sore/cracked 84 preschool children 158–9
‘no added sugar’ drinks, preschool primary school 167, 169
157, 159 children 135
National Diet and Nutrition Survey non-haem iron 8 paediatrician
primary school children 165 neurological disabilities 219
(NDNS) 163 nucleotides in breast vs formula referral with abnormal growth 44
adolescents and 67, 173–4, 175, milks 91
nursery see childcare settings pantothenic acid, safe intakes 12
176, 177 nut(s) (tree nuts) parent(s) (and other carers)
alcohol 178 avoidance and alternatives 190
dental decay and 144 preschool children 134 medical conditions and advice and
vitamin D status 165 see also peanuts support for 205–7
National Institute for Health and nutrient(s) 3–8
classification 3 obesity in, as risk factor for child
Clinical Excellence function and food obesity 197
recommendations sources 229–31
breastfeeding and breast milk in pregnancy, key 62–5 obesity treatment and role of 200–3
expression 72–3, 84, 86, 87 requirements see requirements preschool children, and new foods 142
constipation 146 at risk in preschool children 140 primary school children, influencing
diabetes nutrient-enriched post-discharge
childhood 214 formula 127 food tastes and preferences
pregnancy 66–7 162–3
food allergy and intolerance 187 oats and coeliac disease 189, 211 styles of parenting 32–4
obesity obesity and overweight parenteral nutrition
children 200, 202 critical illness with poor gut
in pregnancy 66 child 195–204 function 210
preconception body weight 57 assessment 196 preterms 122
pregnancy consequences 197–8 peanuts (groundnuts)
alcohol 69, 70 definitions 44, 195–6 avoidance and alternatives 190
diabetes 66–7 factors associated with 196–7 in pregnancy 71
obesity 66 preschool 146, 198 Personal Child Health Record 42, 222
vitamin D 63 prevalence 196 phenylketonuria 207
weighing of infants and children 40 prevention 198–9 phosphorus 8, 230
national nutritional data 52 primary school 163, 165, 198 adolescents 173
nausea in pregnancy 71–2 treatment 200–3 in breast milk with preterms 125
neglecting parenting style 33 reference nutrient intakes 11
Neonatal and Infant Close Monitoring preconception 57–8 physical activity (exercise)
Chart 42 pregnancy 66 child
neonatal unit, preterms in oesophageal reflux see gastro- energy requirements and 2
discharge home 127–8 obesity and 199
feeding routes 121–5 oesophageal reflux female fertility and 58
neonates/newborns oily fish see also sports
bottle-feeding 94 physical disability 207
breast milk for children 5 phytochemicals 9, 222, 231
changes in composition 90–1 preschool 134 plant secondary metabolites
expressing 87 (=phytochemicals) 9, 222, 231
premature see preterm infants pregnancy 65, 69 polyunsaturated fats 5
see also birthweight omega 3 fats 5, 65 long-chain see long-chain
neophobia, food, preschool children polyunsaturated fats; omega 3
142, 147, 148 pregnancy 65, 68, 70 fats; omega 6 fats
neural tube defects and folate 62 limiting intake 69 population differences in dietary intakes,
neurodevelopmental delay see adolescents 176
developmental delay vegetarian and vegan diets portion sizes 17–18
and 17, 18, 68 adolescents 173
preschool children 134
omega 6 fats 5 primary school children 163
oral feeding or preterms 125–7
orogastric tube feeding 209
