Page 130 - PG 101-Course notes مذكرة النظري 24-25 with spec

Medicinal plants (PG 101) Level 1 Clinical Pharmacy-PharmD

The new classification includes Five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi,

Plantae, and Animalia…….

Kingdom It contains bacteria and blue green Algae. The organisms have

Monera prokaryotic cells as nuclear envelope, chloroplasts and

mitochondria are absent.

They present as a single cell, in colonies or filaments but cells

are completely independent. Mostly they are non-motile

(Some are motile by flagella). Nutrition is mainly by

absorption through cell membrane. Some bacteria are

chemosynthetic. Blue-green algae are photosynthetic. Blue

green algae have chlorophyll and phycobillins [accessory

pigments which are blue or red]. Reproduction is asexual by

binary fission.

Kingdom All the organisms have eukaryotic cells. Nutrition is either

Protista through photosynthesis, absorption, or ingestion. Motility is

either through flagella or cilia. Reproduction is either sexual

(in some forms), or asexual.

Kingdom Fungi Fungi are eukaryotes. Body is a network of branched filaments

“hyphae”. The tangled mass of the hyphae “Mycelium”. They
may be unicellular, e.g., yeast “Saccharomyces”. Cell walls

consist of Chitin, “i.e., fungal cellulose”, along with other
substances. They lack chlorophyll. Nutrition is through

absorption. Reproduction is often both sexual and asexual.

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