Page 158 - fourth year book

URBAN DEVELOPMENT

2- Non communicable diseases: which are associated with the exposure

to toxins and other hazards that are often intensified by unhealthy
living conditions and life styles in urban areas.

3. Psycho social health problems:

Social and emotional stress are likely to be greatest among those
newly arrived, particularly the poor. It finds expression in depression,

anxiety, alcohol dependency, drug abuse, and violence.

Squatters: are defined as " areas established with poor building on
unauthorized ,un-served lands typically not following the land policy of the

city and the rules of the city physical plan.

Characteristics and problems of squatters

1. Organizational character and its problems

 No general proper organization which lead to narrowing root,
and difficult transportation and services
 Absence of social, educational and health care services

 Increase population density

 No chance for emergency intervention in case of any urgent
situation.

2. Environmental problems

 Poor environmental services (safe water supply, sewage and

refuse disposal and electricity)

 Poor ventilation and hygienic services

3. Social and behavioral problems

 Increase illiteracy rate
 Violence and crime

 Low socio-economic condition

4. Prevalence of diseases
 Malnutrition and anemia

 Zoonotic diseases

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