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Figure 17.7 (a) Op-amp used as a differentiator; (b) op-amp used as an integrator





                or,






                or,


                  The output voltage V  is an integral of input voltage V  multiplied by
                                            0
                                                                                    1


               proportionality constant                This circuit is therefore called an integrator.






                                       17.6.5 Other Applications of Op-amps

               There are many applications of op-amps in the field of electronics. Some of

               them are mentioned below.

                   i.  Current to voltage converter where the output voltage is proportional to the input current.
                  ii.  Digital to analog converter.
                  iii.  Analog computer which is constructed by using op-amp integrators and adders to solve
                     differential equations.
                  iv.  Waveform generators or function generators. Function generators are also incorporated in
                     analog computers to solve non linear differential equations.
                   v.  Oscillators and filters. The oscillators are used to generate repetitive alternating current and
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