Page 37 - GS_Journal_2015

Urdaneta City University

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SELF LEARNING MATERIALS FOR
ENHANCING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE V
NIVEN M. GAMAYO

This study assessed the level of performance in Science of the Grade five pupils of San
Manuel District based on the Achievement Test during the school year 2011-2012 as basis for
the development and validation of self-learning materials in Science to improve the performance
of the Grade V pupils. Using the descriptive-developmental method of research, this study
determined and analyzed the weaknesses in Science of the Grade five pupils based on the least
learned topics along the objectives in the Philippine Elementary Learning Competencies. Self-
learning materials were developed and validated following the steps in instructional materials
development. The sources of data in the study consisted of the teachers in the public elementary
school of San Manuel District who were teaching Science in Grade five during the time of the
study. Findings of the study are the following: (1.0) Profile of the Grade V Pupils: (1.1) In terms
of sex, 196 are male and 207 are female; (1.2). In terms of occupation of parents, 314 are
farmers, 52 are vendors, 26 are tricycle drivers, and 11 have no work; (1.3).
In terms of highest educational attainment of the parents, 328 are high school level, 73
are elementary level, and 2 had no schooling. (2.0) Level of Performance in Science of the Grade
Six Pupils. The results of the Achievement Test in Science for Grade Five during the school year
2011-2012 revealed that there were topics that the pupils did not answer correctly. (3.0) Indices
of Difficulty of Each Item in the Achievement Test. To determine the index of difficulty of each
item in the achievement test, the upper 27 percent and the lower 27 percent were considered.
This formed the upper and lower scoring groups, respectively. (4.0) Least Learned Topics in
Science Based on the Pupils’ Performance: (4.1) Describe a healthy person, (4.2) Discuss the
different relationships among organisms in the Community, (4.3) Illustrate the interdependence
of plants and animals for gases, (4.4) Identify different forms of energy and their uses, (4.5)
Describe various transformation of energy, (4.6) Identify factors affecting the motion of objects,
(4.7) Differentiate physical from chemical changes, (4.8) Identify and describe the layers of the
earth’s interior, (4.9) Describe characteristics of stars and how they are useful to people. (5.0)
Self–Learning Materials in Science V. Strategic Intervention Materials (SIM) were developed and
validated to improve the performance of the Grade V pupils.
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) The
Grade Five pupils are predominantly female whose parents are mostly farmers and high school
graduate; (2) The Grade Five pupils were generally weak in Science as evidenced by the results
of the Achievement Test; (3) The weaknesses in Science of the Grade Five pupils can be
addressed by focusing on the least learned topics; (4) Self-learning materials in Science could be
developed and validated to improve performance of the Grade V pupils. Based on the findings
of the study and the conclusions drawn, the following recommendations are offered: (1) The
self-learning materials should be used to strengthen the identified weaknesses in Science of the
Grade Five pupils; (2) The self-learning materials should be tried out on a bigger scale for their

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